Think about what you ate for lunch yesterday (egg salad sandwich with onions). All of the energy that your body ingested came from plants, either...

Egg salad sandwich with onions has egg, onions and spices/seasonings/dressing, etc., as its ingredients. All these materials originate from plants and animals (which utilizes plant products as their food). Thus, all these ingredients of the food are plant products. Plants (containing chlorophyll) uses the process of photosynthesis to convert solar energy into food, according to the following chemical reaction:

`6 CO_2 + 6 H_2O + sunlight -> C_6H_12O_6 + 6 O_2`

In this process, plants use carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight and generate glucose and oxygen. The glucose molecules are then used for energy production (by cellular respiration) and plant growth. We consume plant products directly or utilize animal products, which were obtained as a result of consumption of plants. For example, bread is made from flour, which is prepared from wheat or some other cereals. Onions are obtained directly from onion plant. Eggs are obtained from chicken, which consume plant products as food. Thus, the food mentioned here is obtained from plants. 

Hope this helps. 

How did the earth come to be?

While some of the details about how the earth came to be remain a mystery, scientists have learned much from studying old rock materials and observing natural phenomena in space. The earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago when bits of rocks and dust floating in space began to clump together due to their gravitational pull. At this time, many of the other planets in our solar system were beginning to form from the same cloud of gas and particulates. In fact, the sun was formed from the gases in this cloud. 

As the bits of rock and dust began to clump together, they amassed into bigger forms like asteroids, repeatedly slammed into each other by gravity. These large rock masses drew even more particulate in-- think of how meteorites are drawn in by our planet's gravitational pull. The collisions caused extreme volcanism, so the surface of our planet was molten rock for a long time. Eventually, the planet began to cool and the crust was formed. With a cooled crust, hydrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere were able to form into liquid water, creating the oceans on our planet's surface.

The same geological and cosmological processes which formed our planet are still at work today, as meteorites continue to fall to the earth and volcanoes are constantly spilling out fresh lava. You could say our planet is still being made!

Can you help solve this statistic questions? thanks very much！！

The confidence interval can be calculated by using the following formula:

`hatp+- z'(sqrt((hatp(1-hatp))/n))`

where, `hatp`  is proportion of sample, n is sample size and z' is a multiplier whose value is dependent on the confidence interval. For 95% confidence interval, z can be taken as 1.96.

1) 255 students out of 458 were reportedly working.

thus, n = 458

proportion of sample, `hatp`  = 255/458 = 0.557

using the equation stated above, the 95% confidence interval is:

`0.557 +- 1.96(sqrt((0.557(1-0.557))/458)) = 0.557 +- 0.046`

The 95% confidence interval can also be stated as [0.511,0.603]. or, we can say with 95% confidence that the proportion of the students working while studying at the start of semester I of 2014 at UC was between 0.511 and 0.603. 

2) Similarly, we can solve for the 95% confidence interval of students working at the start of semester II as,

n = 490, proportion of sample, `hatp`  = 250/490 = 0.510

and the 95% confidence interval is:

`0.510 +- 1.96(sqrt((0.510(1-0.510))/490)) = 0.510 +- 0.044`

The 95% confidence interval can also be stated as [0.466,0.554] or we can say with 95% confidence that the proportion of students who were working while studying at the start of second semester was between 0.466 and 0.554.

3) Since the 95% confidence intervals overlap for the two cases, we cannot make the suggestion that the proportion of students who were working while studying was higher at the start of semester I as compared to semester II. 

Hope this helps. 

Why were all the children in Maycomb wearing shoes the day after Halloween in To Kill a Mockingbird?

In the story, some Maycomb children broke into the house of two sisters on Halloween night. The sisters were both hard of hearing, so they did not notice when the children snuck in through an unlocked door and moved all of their furniture down to the cellar. The barefooted children then left the house without being caught.

When the sisters found out what had happened the next day, they called for the sheriff. In order to find the culprits, "Mr. Tate was obliged to go ten miles out the road, round up the county hounds, and put them on the trail" (To Kill a Mockingbird, Chapter 27). The guilty children found out that the bloodhounds had been sent for to sniff out the culprits of the crime. They were scared and "there was not a barefooted child to be seen in Maycomb and nobody took off his shoes until the hounds were returned." The children did not want the hounds to follow the scent from their bare feet to find them. It was never officially discovered who the children were that had hid the furniture in the basement.

In Steinbeck's novel, Of Mice And Men, what are George and Lennie's plans for the future?

We learn from chapter one that George and Lennie are different from other ranch hands, as George states:

"With us it ain't like that. We got a future.

Other ranch hands do not have anyone to talk to, as they do, and since they have no future, as George puts it, they tend to:

"... come to a ranch an' work up a stake and then they go into town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know they're poundin' their tail on some other ranch. They ain't got nothing to look ahead to."

When Lennie excitedly asks George to tell him how their future is going to be like, he complies by saying:

"O.K. Someday- we're gonna get the jack together and we're gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an' a cow and some pigs and-"

An' live off the fatta the lan'," Lennie shouted. "An' have rabbits.

It is clear that the two companions plan to purchase a small farm where they will become self-sufficient. Lennie's excited interjection implies that they will not have any worries, since they would be independent and live from the proceeds of their farming venture.

Lennie consistently reminds George of this idealised existence throughout the novel and repeatedly asks him to retell the plan. He is obviously much taken in by the idea of a Shangri La where he and George will spend the remainder of their lives. He emphatically and naively believes that such an existence is within their reach.

This dream becomes more of a reality when they meet Candy, an old swamper on the ranch at which they start working. Candy listens in to a conversation between the two when they discuss their future. It is clear that George has already been working on their plan and provides specific details of the place, at Lennie's request:

"Well, it's ten acres," said George. "Got a little win'mill. Got a little shack on it, an' a chicken run. Got a kitchen, orchard, cherries, apples, peaches, 'cots, nuts, got a few berries. They's a place for alfalfa and plenty water to flood it. They's a pig pen-"

Lennie is mostly interested about the fact that they will have rabbits which he likes to fondle since he loves feeling their soft fur.

Candy, who is partly disabled and a loner, listens in wide-eyed wonder as George provides further detail. It is pertinently clear that the two had been turning this plan over and over in their heads and had had numerous talks about it, since the detail George provides is very specific. He even speaks about what kind of stove they will have in their house and other minor aspects regarding their future residence. It is clear that they have been meticulous in painting a mental picture of their ideal.

Candy is amazed and asks whether such a place actually exists and George obviously, when taken out of his reverie in talking about their dream, is abrupt and feels that their privacy has been invaded. However, Candy tells them about the money he has received for his injury and mentions that he has his income to add to that. The men start discussing adding their funds and purchasing the property. The three men realise that their plan might actually work and are overwhelmed by the thought.

They fell into a silence. They looked at one another, amazed. This thing they had never really believed in was coming true.

George is in complete awe that it all could come together just perfectly. it is as if this is a divine moment for him:

George said reverently, "Jesus Christ! I bet we could swing her." His eyes were full of wonder. "I bet we could swing her," he repeated softly.

He is referring to the fact that they can persuade the current owner of the property they plan to purchase, to accept four hundred and fifty dollars for the land, instead of the asking price of six hundred.

It is tragic that their careful plan is shattered when Lennie, in the dramatic denouement of the novel, accidentally kills Curley's wife. 

Why do all of the firemen in Fahrenheit 451 look alike?

In the book Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Montag notices that all of the firemen look similar. Although there are several possible explanations for this, one factor was the effects of the firefighters' work. As the book reveals:

“Montag looked at these men whose faces were sunburnt by a thousand real and ten thousand imaginary fires, whose work flushed their cheeks and fevered their eyes.”

And…

“They and their charcoal hair and soot-colored brows and bluish-ash-smeared cheeks where they had shaven close; but their heritage showed.”

Thus, as Montag’s thoughts reveal, the firemen were impacted by their occupation. As a result of causing numerous fires, their physical appearance was altered by their career, such as their skin becoming burnt.

However, as some scholars illustrate, it is interesting to note that perhaps society also encouraged the firemen to all appear the same and not differentiate from one another. Due to this book’s emphasis on the loss of individual identity, it seems quite plausible that the society also impacted the firefighters' physical appearance as well.

What is Margaret like and how did she change throughout the book?

The main way in which Margaret changes is that she is able to see that she can trust her own integrity. At the start of the novel she feels unsure of herself, in particular she is unsure of her social standing at her new school. By becoming friends with Nancy and the other girls, she feels she is part of a social circle. But she still defers to Nancy's leadership and still feels foolish about her choices and things she says and does, because the other girls sometimes make fun of her.  For example: She pretends to like the same popular boys that her friends like, because when she says she likes less-popular boys, they ridicule her choices. Perhaps because she is a relative newcomer to the neighborhood and the school, Margaret seems to think she needs to behave more carefully than the others, so as not to lose her social position. In her more private moments she continues her conversations with God, sharing her worries and asking for help.

The other two girls also tend to defer to Nancy, who is the natural leader of the group and projects the most confidence. Nancy's dominance sets the tone for the girls' gatherings, and she frequently turns the conversation to issues surrounding puberty, such as their breasts being too small and the embarrassing films they have to see in health class, but also about boys. After two of the girls in her circle of four get their periods, Margaret feels awkward and jealous. She doesn't like how she is feeling and gets angry at God in her continued conversations directed at Him. She seems to want to strike out but doesn't know where to direct her anger.

When Margaret finds out that Nancy was lying about getting her period, she is confused and disappointed. Margaret realizes she has been foolish to let Nancy influence her to such a great extent, but also realizes Nancy is not perfect and makes mistakes. Something changes in their relationship at this point, and Nancy seems more humble and deferential to Margaret. Margaret knows she could hurt Nancy by telling the other girls about her lie, but she chooses not to, and seems to forgive Nancy for lying. This shows her maturity and self-awareness; and Nancy's response is to act as if Margaret is being a true friend. Both girls grow from this experience. Going forward, Margaret is more confident and even decides she will not need to talk to God as often, because she has figured out how to help herself a bit more.

`sin(2x) - sin(x) = 0` Find the exact solutions of the equation in the interval [0, 2pi).

`sin(2x)-sin(x)=0 , 0<=x<=2pi`

using the identity `sin(2x)=2sin(x)cos(x)`

`sin(2x)-sin(x)=0`

`=2sin(x)cos(x)-sin(x)=0`

`=(sin(x))(2cos(x)-1)=0`

solving each part separately,

`sin(x)=0`  or `2cos(x)-1=0`

General solutions for sin(x)=0 are,

`x=0+2(pi)n, x=pi+2(pi)n`

solutions for the range `0<=x<=2pi`  are,

`x=0 , x=pi , x=2pi`

Now solving 2cos(x)-1=0,

`2cos(x)=1`

`cos(x)=1/2`

General solutions for cos(x)=1/2 are,

`x=(pi)/3+2pin , x=(5pi)/3+2pin`

solutions for the range `0<=x<=2pi` are,

`x=pi/3 , x=(5pi)/3`

Hence all the solutions are,

`x=0,pi,2pi,pi/3 , (5pi)/3`

Please provide 2 quotes from Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird that describe Scout's obedience and youth.

Jean Louise Finch (a.k.a. Scout) exemplifies innocence, purity, and youth in Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. She is proof that discrimination and prejudice are vices taught to children, not built into our DNA. Consequently, she doesn't understand why adults say and do certain things; thus, she proves her youth by many of the questions she asks about the world. For example, she asks Miss Maudie about Arthur Radley because she doesn't understand the ghost-like figure he's become in neighborhood lore. The biggest question that dumbfounds Scout about Boo is why he doesn't want to come outside! For a little girl, life outside is the best! Miss Maudie explains as follows:

"'Arthur Radley just stays in the house, that's all,' said Miss Maudie. 'Wouldn't you stay in the house if you didn't want to come out?'

'Yessum, but I'd wanta come out. Why doesn't he?'

Miss Maudie's eyes narrowed. 'You know that story as well as I do.'

"I never heard why, though. Nobody ever told me why.'"(44).

Children show their youth and inexperience by asking "why" questions. Again, they want to understand the world around them and "why" is the best way to find out.

Scout also has difficulty with obedience because of her youth. She hasn't learned to master temper at age 6 when she starts first grade and she tends to get into fights. Throughout the book, Scout learns, improves and develops into a more well-rounded little girl as she starts to understand her place in the world. It isn't easy, though. It takes Atticus, Jem, Maudie, Uncle Jack, and Aunt Alexandra to whip that little girl into becoming well-mannered. When she finally becomes more obedient, she finds life is easier.

The best representation of Scout being obedient is later in the novel after the trial. Scout is dressed in a party dress and participating in one of Aunt Alexandra's tea parties. Scout sits properly and quietly as she listens to the prejudiced comments spewing from the guests' mouths. Tension soars as Atticus comes in and privately tells Calpurnia and Alexandra that Tom Robinson died. After he leaves, Alexandra becomes overwhelmed and Scout can't stop shaking from the stress. The old Scout probably would have over-reacted and done something out of control; but Miss Maudie tells her to stop shaking and she stops immediately. They must return to their guests and continue being polite and Scout obeys. She says the following:

"Aunt Alexandra looked across the room at me and smiled. She looked at a tray of cookies on the table and nodded at them. I carefully picked up the tray and watched myself walk to Mrs. Merriweather. With my best company manners, I asked her if she would have some.

After all, if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I" (237).

Additionally, Scout has a history of not obeying her Aunt. In the above passage, she shows obedience to her Aunt, which is much better than previous behavior.

I'm writing an essay on the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet and I need some ideas on how to prove that Juliet is merely experiencing her first...

I think the first thing to do would be to make a distinction between infatuation and love. Infatuation is defined as a strong but foolish adoration.

Juliet can be shown to be feeling a strong but foolish adoration for Romeo based on her speech and actions. In Act 1, Scene V Juliet, upon first meeting Romeo, literally kisses him twice during a dance in her home. (lines 104-110) After doing so, she identifies him as "[her] only love" (136)

Even by the end of Act 1, Juliet knows nothing about Romeo aside from his looks, his kissing ability, and the fact that he is a Montague. At this point, I would argue that to experience love, a person should know a bit more about another individual. 

THE NEXT DAY, Juliet (in the famous balcony scene) tells Romeo she is feeling "[her] true love's passion" (line 104) Following this, Romeo proposes marriage, and Juliet accepts. Again, she has learned nothing about him. 

This infatuation is not only overcoming Juliet, however. It also consumes Romeo, and this infatuation is recognized for what it is by Friar Lawrence in the next scene, after Romeo asks him to perform the ceremony, "Holy Saint Francis! What a change is here! Is Rosaline, that thou didst love so dear, So soon forsaken? Young men's love then lies Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes." (65-68) Friar Lawrence recognizes the same emotion Juliet demonstrates mirrored in Romeo. 

There are more examples along this vein, but I believe those examples would support your point. Hope it helps!

What is the paradoxical nature of The Tempest?

The Tempest is one of Shakespeare's most well-loved but also most unusual plays. Although classified in the First Folio as a comedy, it does not have the light hearted tone or the humorous situations apparent in most of Shakespeare's comedies, and also lacks the trademark situations (such as having women dressed as men) that are hallmark's of the playwright's comedic works. Neither is it a tragedy, for it is not full of battles, or political intrigue, or acts of violence or murder. The genre of the play is somewhat paradoxical, since it does not fit comfortably into any of Shakespeare's usual categories of comedy, tragedy or history. It is sometimes referred to as a "tragicomedy" as is another of the Bard's later plays, The Winter's Tale.

It's set in a place that appears to be far removed from the rest of the world. It is also described and portrayed as a kind of utopia, or idealized society characterized by justice, harmony and equality. In Thomas More's writings on Utopia, the idealized society is a place where wealth and resources are shared equally. What is paradoxical about this play's so-called utopian setting and its vaunted idealism is that one of the main characters, Caliban, is a slave who is shunned and ostracized for being an ugly monster. Ariel, too, the sprite who is a servant to Prospero, is also somewhat enslaved and wishes to be released from service. In an ideal society, there would be no slavery or indentured servitude. This forced service is one of the main paradoxes present in the play.

As for equality, women in this place are not treated as equal members of society. Prospero's daughter, Miranda, is kept sheltered from men by her father. In fact she has never seen young men prior to their arrival after the storm, upon which she says "O, brave new world, that has such people in it."

The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, which takes its title from Miranda's words, is a story of a Utopian society as well, though Huxley refers to it as a "negative Utopia" also known as a dystopia--in this way, that book is also a paradox, ultimately portraying a world that is the opposite of what its title suggests.

What concerns Macbeth?

Macbeth’s main concern is gaining and keeping the throne of Scotland. He desires power, and when he has it, he wants to make sure no one else gets it.

That one overarching concern fuels several other worries. In the beginning of the play, he worries about killing Duncan, but his ambition gets him past his fear. He frames the guards and Duncan’s sons, so Macbeth does not have to worry about being blamed for the execution.

But once he is king, he worries about maintaining his power:

“To be thus is nothing;
But to be safely thus.”

He also focuses on the fact that the witches said Banquo’s descendants would be future kings of Scotland, not Macbeth’s. He begins to wonder why he bothered to kill Duncan if he would not have his own line succeed him on the throne. So he plans the deaths of Banquo and Fleance.

Still he is not at ease. Macbeth consults the evil witches once more, who use more misleading predictions to cleverly convince him that he is invincible, including the fact that no one ‘born of woman’ could harm Macbeth, and he couldn’t be vanquished until Birnham Wood marched to Dunsinane hill. Macbeth feels this is confirmation that he will retain his great power, since isn’t everyone born of woman? And trees can’t walk. His desire for power has ensnared him even more deeply with evil.

When Macduff, the Thane of Fife, doesn’t come to the banquet at the castle, Macbeth suspects Macduff is disloyal. When it is confirmed that Macduff has gone to England to raise an army against Macbeth, Macbeth orders the murder of Macduff’s wife and their small children:

“The castle of Macduff I will surprise;
Seize upon Fife; give to the edge o' the sword
His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls
That trace him in his line.”

Macbeth murdered to gain power and kept killing to keep it. His ambition turned him into a complete tyrant.

What is the argument in the book 1984?

1984 argues against governments that wield too much power over their citizens. Orwell originally titled the book 1948, after the year it was written, but his publisher changed the title. In 1948, a totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union spied on its citizens and tried to control all aspects of their thinking, and the Nazi government, another totalitarian state that attempted to control thought, had just three years before been defeated. Much of 1984's subject matter, such as children denouncing parents and rewrites of recent history, as well as failed five-year plans, came from real life. But Orwell's main focus was England and his fears of what was happening there, in his own country. The book argues that spying on citizens, government interventions into private life, and dumbing down language, all of which he saw going on, in the end robs humans of their humanity. The book argues that people, to remain fully human, need a strong private space, the chance to think for themselves and form their own opinions and a robust language and accurate record of history to help them support thought. Giving governments too much power works against those goals, he argued. 

Describe the political, economic, and social changes that occurred during Reconstruction.

Reconstruction brought about many changes in our country. These included political, social, and economic changes. The political changes were significant. The Radical Republicans were in charge of Reconstruction. As part of their actions and as part of the events during Reconstruction, there were three constitutional amendments made. The 13th amendment ended slavery. The 14th amendment said that anybody born in the United States would be a citizen of the United States. These people would have the rights that citizens had, and these rights couldn’t be taken away without the due process of law. The 15th amendment prevented denying a person the right to vote based on race, color, or having been a slave.

There were social changes that also occurred. Reconstruction gave freedom to the former slaves. The former slaves now were considered to be equal to whites, at least in theory. Many southerners had a difficult time accepting the idea of racial equality. Schools were also set up for African-Americans.

There were also economic changes as a result of Reconstruction. Prior to the Civil War, the South was mainly an agricultural area. Most people farmed. After the Civil War ended, the South began to diversify its economy. While farming was still important, new industries were developed. Also, the railroads expanded into the South. The South was no longer a region that was only dependent on farming.

Reconstruction brought about many changes in our country.

Why did Sal’s mother choose Lewiston, Idaho as her destination when she decided she was leaving Kentucky?

Sal’s mother decides to go to Lewiston, Idaho because she has a cousin who lives there. She wants to see someone who knew her when she was a young girl, before she was a wife and mother, and before she lost the baby. This is something that her husband and Sal cannot give her. They know her only as an adult. Her life has been rocked by the loss of her baby, as well as the operation that means that she will never have any more children. Though he is sad about this, Mr. Hiddle understands and lets her go. Sal, however, does not understand and feels that she is inadequate. Once she had wondered why she was not enough for her parents, why they wanted more children. Her mother explained that she wanted more of the wonderful experience of having a child such as Sal. Sal did not understand this until after her mother was gone.

Why does George decline Whit's invitation to visit the brothel in Of Mice and Men?

George declines Whit's invitation to visit the brothel because he does not want to waste his hard-earned wages on debauchery. He and Lennie are saving for the future.

While George listens to Whit, he asks him how much the "entertainment" at Susy's place costs, and Whit tells him it is two and a half dollars [equivalent to nearly $30.00 nowadays]. George replies,

"Me an'Lennie's roll' up a stake...I might go in an' set and have a shot, but I ain't puttin' out no two and a half."

As the men talk, Curley comes in, looking for his wife; he looks around and asks where Slim is. George tells him that Slim is in the barn repairing one of the mule's hooves, and Curley rushes out. When Whit says he is going to the barn to "see the fuss if it comes off," George declines to go with him on this, also, repeating his statement that he and Lennie "got to make a stake." 

Clearly, George and Lennie have something that the others lack: a dream for the future. This dream both motivates George's actions and provides him with a hope that the other men lack.

What are reflections on the poem "Death Came to See Me in Hot Pink Pants"?

My reflections on the poem "Death Came to See Me in Hot Pink Pants" by Heather Royes include the

repetition in this poem, which adds to the poem’s power. The repetition of the phrase “Last night, I dreamt that Death came to see me in hot-pink pants” lets the reader know that this dream had a significant impact on the narrator of the poem. She is stressing that this dream happened and that it shook her somewhat – enough to want to elaborate on it and put the experience into words.

Repetition causes a reader to more deeply consider what the poet is saying. It’s as if the poet is saying, “Stop and listen, this is important and I’m trying to convey the relevance of this to you in your life situation as well.”

Heather Royes also repeats the line “He was a beautiful black saga boy”. She is relating to the reader, by way of the poem’s narrator, that Death, while a lamentable fact of life, was also something beautiful to her as she encountered Death. The repetition of this line – that Death was beautiful – causes the reader to stop (however momentarily) and consider this enigma.

In addition, I like the creative title of the poem. The title causes the reader to take a look at Death in a different way – almost a tongue-in-cheek way. Who would ever think that Death would visit someone

“in hot-pink pants

and matching waistcoat too.”

Many people who attach an image to Death have the image of it as the Grim Reaper, dressed in black, hooded, and with a huge sickle to reap humans from the earth. Also, Heather Royes shows Death as smiling and winking. This is the exact opposite of what people normally associate Death with. Again, the poet turns peoples’ expectations about Death on its head. She has readers think about Death differently through her poem.

It’s worth noting that although Death is in hot-pink pants, and is smiling and winking, it is not a benign force at all. Death forces open the door to the narrator’s abode. Death is demanding and unrelenting and a scourge on humankind.

Finally, the poet shows that the narrator of the poem is not going to let Death get her without a fight. The narrator resists Death and hits him with a wooden staff. This shows that people will fight to avoid Death and they may succeed for a time, but eventually Death wins out as it is the destiny of all eventually to suffer a physical death.

In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, is Scout racist?

Throughout Harper Lee’s classic coming-of-age novel set in the American South during the 1930s, To Kill a Mockingbird, the story’s main protagonist and narrator, Jean Louise “Scout” Finch uses the word “nigger” in casual reference to individuals and concepts. When her older brother Jem is frightening Dill with stories of ghosts—Hot Steam—wandering the woods at night, Scout innocently cautions her friend not to believe Jem’s stories: “Don’t you believe a word he says, Dill,” I said. “Calpurnia says that’s niggertalk.” Later, as Jem and Scout are enjoying the very rare occurrence of a snowstorm in their southern town, they decide to build a snowman. Lacking sufficient snow, however, Jem proceeds to augment their limited supply by using common dirt, which is obviously making the white structure much darker, prompting the following comment by Scout:  “Jem, I ain’t ever heard of a nigger snowman.”

Is Scout racist? No, she isn’t. Scout is a product of an extremely racist culture that permeated the American South, and that would continue to do so for decades to come. Her use of clearly-racist language is not a reflection of her soul, but a sad indication of the depth of the racism that dominated the culture in which she lived. At the beginning of Lee’s novel, Scout is not quite six-years-old, an age at which language and perceptions are overwhelmingly influenced by those around her. Fortunately, the single most influential individual in her life is her father, Atticus, a learned and intelligent lawyer who dislikes the culture of racism in Maycomb, but who has learned to navigate his way through it in order to do as much good as he reasonably can. Atticus’ passionate defense of the crippled, poor African American Tom Robinson, and, more importantly, his respect for Calpurnia, the family’s African American housekeeper, bespeak an individual of integrity and tolerance that is in desperately short supply in Lee’s fictitious but realistic Southern milieu. Scout does not like or dislike anybody on the basis of their skin color; she uses the morally abhorrent “n-word” loosely because that is the society in which she lives. She is otherwise a young, innocent and loving little girl who, through the course of Lee’s story, evolves into an intelligent and wise young woman. She is not, however, a racist.

In "A Sound of Thunder", explain Eckels' personality.

In "A Sound of Thunder", Eckels is apparently a rich, leisured hunter who pursues rare experiences and novelties. This leads him to purchase an expensive time safari, in which he will be taken into the distant past via a time machine, to hunt animals that are extinct in the modern era. 

Two significant elements flesh out some of Eckels' personality; his reliance on money to get what he wants, and his lack of insight. 

His relationship with money seems indistinct at first - we merely know that he has paid a large amount of it to purchase the trip. We might assume that a person to whom money is more significant might have better researched what he was purchasing, but Eckels is full of questions and apparent ignorance, which may indicate that he simply pursued the novelty offered by the time safari company without a second thought. Later, his true relationship with money is revealed when he offers to buy his way into the good graces of the safari leaders after he has violated their rules and probably altered the timeline, not realizing that money is an irrelevant compensation for such an act.

Eckels is basically rich but ignorant, and like some of Bradbury's other stories such as "The Veldt" he serves as a warning about allowing the comfort, convenience and novelty of technology and civilized lifestyles to overwhelm and stagnate our self-control and sensibility.

What are three ways that individuals in the Soviet Union suffered under Stalin?

There were many tactics Joseph Stalin used to oppress individuals living in the Soviet Union. Some of these include confiscation of private property, political persecution, and mass deportation. Socialism requires government control of the industry, so Stalin and his men confiscated private farms and businesses and ran them as government entities. Without private property, individuals had to rely on the government to survive.

Many of the peasants resisted this collectivization (especially on the farms), and Stalin responded with the Great Purge. During the Great Purge, Stalin arrested or killed millions of people, many of whom were peasants opposed to agricultural collectivism. Anyone opposed to the ruling party faced persecution.

Third, Stalin oversaw the forced deportation of millions of people who belonged to ethnicities whom Stalin claimed "collaborated" with the enemy during World War II (such as Poles and Germans). Many of these people were forced to leave their homes and move to Siberia.

What is the meaning of this quote: "It was like daylight under the florescent trays of light." ["A Smal, Good Thing] (Not exactly sure how this...

Daylight is a conventional symbol for a new beginning, hope, understanding, having passed through the darkness of sorrow, and a positive movement in life; light in Raymond Carver's "A Small Good Thing" represents a new beginning and communion with others that leads to compassion and understanding, and even to friendship among Ann, Howard, and the baker.

Because Howard and Anne forget about the birthday cake they have ordered from a baker after their son Scotty loses consciousness and is taken to the hospital, the baker phones their house in order to remind them that the cake is ready. When they do not respond, he calls a few more times, thinking that they have just changed their minds, not knowing that Scotty has died and Ann and Howard are extremely distraught and angered.

So, Ann and Howard drive to the shopping center where the bakery is located. When she hears a radio at the back, Ann knocks loudly; the baker comes out into the light, asking them what they are doing. Ann steps into the light and calls to her husband; she enters the bakery despite the owner's saying he is closed.

Ann stares at him "fiercely" as the baker asks her if she wants her three-day-old cake, complaining how it cost him time and money to make it. After a brief, caustic interchange, Ann says, "My son's dead." 

Ashamed at his cruel words, the baker removes his apron and asks Ann and Howard to sit down at a table. "Let me say how sorry I am," the baker tells them and explains that he has no children and works alone; he adds that he has forgotten how to act toward others.

"Maybe once...I was a different kind of human being. I've forgotten...I don't know how to act anymore."

The baker, then, humbly offers them coffee and fresh cinnamon rolls from his oven. "Eating is a small, good thing in a time like this," he says. Then he offers Ann and Howard some dark bread, and they "swallowed this bread." This eating of the bread is an act of communion for Ann and Howard and the baker.

[I]t was like daylight under the fluorescent trays of light. They talked on into the early morning...and they did not think of leaving.

As they eat and talk together of heartaches and the loss and absence of children, Ann, Howard, and the baker share their loneliness and come to a new understanding under the "fluorescent trays of light" that resembles daylight. It is passage from the darkness of sorrow and loneliness to the light of a meaningful sharing of feelings, a communion among people. It is a new beginning filled with compassion and feeling. There is light now and they can look ahead.

What type of a charter did the Virginia colony have? Was it a charter, proprietary, or royal colony?

There were three kinds of British colonies in the thirteen North American colonies. These colonies were proprietary, charter, and royal. There were two charter colonies. They were Rhode Island and Connecticut. In these colonies, the people had a lot of say about who their leaders would be. They elected both the legislature and the governor.

There were three proprietary colonies. These were Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. In these colonies, there was an owner of the colony. While the people elected part of the legislature, the owner chose the governor and the other part of the legislature. While the people might be able to influence the owner about who the governor should be, it was the owner’s decision.

The rest of the colonies were royal colonies. This included the colony of Virginia. In a royal colony, the King chose the governor and part of the legislature. The colonists chose the other part of the legislature. In these colonies, it was very difficult to influence the choice of the governor as the King of England made the decision. As a result, the people had even less influence over the choice of the governor than the colonists in a proprietary colony.

What is the difference between the Board of Registered Nursing (BRN) and a Professional Nursing Organization (PNO)?

Boards of Registered Nursing (BRN) are government entities. In the US, each state has its own BRN. The BRN is responsible for the safety of the public who receive nursing care. Thus, BRNs set standards and requirements for nursing practice. BRNs monitor and accredit nurse training programs, as well as issue/renew licenses and certifications. Registered nurses must interact and comply with a BRN during their careers.

On the other hand, participating in a Professional Nursing Organization (PNOs) during your career is usually optional (unless mandated by your employer). PNOs are non-government organizations which may charge a fee for membership. Nurses join PNOs for a variety of reasons. These organizations usually provide a variety of benefits to their members, including access to resources that keep nurses up to date in their fields, networking opportunities, and advocacy. Other benefits might include access to career placement advice or job fairs, an annual convention, and discounts on other services and products (like nursing insurance).

Compare non-renewable and renewable energy.

Renewable energy is obtained from sources that are practically unlimited in quantity and/or have a very short regeneration period. Examples of renewable energy sources are Sun, water, wind, etc. For example, Sun has practically unlimited quantity of energy that we can use and we get sunlight every day. Similarly, we can use wind's energy and still get new wind afterwards. Similar is the case with water, we can make electricity from it again and again, by dropping it from a height. In comparison, non-renewable energy is generated from sources that are limited in quantity and takes a long time to regenerate. For example, coal is a non-renewable energy source and is available in finute quantity. Since it takes millions of years to form, once we run out of all coal reserves, we will have to wait for that many years to get fresh coal. Another major difference between the two is that the non-renewable energy sources are generally associated with gas emissions and global warming. In comparison, renewable energy sources are cleaner and do not generate gases during operation. 

Hope this helps.

Who does Athena disguise herself as in Book Eight of The Odyssey and why?

In Book Eight, Odysseus continually refuses to take part in the games that his new hosts, the Phaeacians, are holding. Broadsea and Laodamas, two Phaeacian princes, begin to tease and bully Odysseus. Initially the teasing appears to not be meant in a mean spirited way, but after Laodamas tries to get Odysseus to take part in the competition, Broadsea starts to mock Odysseus cruelly. Angered, Odysseus takes a discus and throws it farther than anyone else in the competition.

Athena, disguised as a random Phaeacian man, applauds Odysseus' efforts and this actually serves to assuage Odysseus' anger. In a better mood now, Odysseus offers to take on anyone who wants to challenge him, with the exception of Laodamus, since he doesn't want to insult his host or his host's friends. Athena's brief appearance reminds readers (and listeners) that the goddess is still looking out for Odysseus and, true to form, that she is pleased whenever he takes matters into his own hands. This type of "wait and see" behavior is repeated when Odysseus finally takes on the suitors at the end of the text. Athena refuses to involve herself in the final battle until Odysseus proves himself. 

What consequences are there for people who don't conform in society?

All actions have consequences, and while it is easy to condemn “anti-social behavior” and to ascribe dire, even punitive, consequences to all “anti-social” behavior (prison, rejection by normative society, etc.), the truth is that not all nonconformist behavior is “anti” social. Artists almost by definition thrive on “non-conformity,” (Agnes Martin, Lady Gaga, James Joyce) as do creative people in general – athletes, thinkers, inventors, etc. History is riddled with “non-conformist” social geniuses: Napolean, Einstein, Walt Whitman, etc. etc. On the most mundane level, one might say that people who choose to deviate from normally accepted social behavior leave themselves at the mercy of those social conformists who dictate and regulate social conformity, not only local “divas” but advertisers, the media themselves, even the “new social media” such as Twitter and Facebook. The consequences, then, are that one is not absorbed into the common, the regular, the usual; what “society” doles out to those persons is of no consequence to the devoted non-conformist.

How was Social Darwinism used to justify imperialism?

Social Darwinism was used to justify imperialism. The main idea behind Social Darwinism is that the strongest and fittest survive. Those who supported imperialism believed that the places that were being colonized weren’t as fit or as a strong as the imperial country was.

This concept of Social Darwinism is based on the concept of a superior culture and inferior cultures. The imperialists believed their culture, their way of life, their government, and their economic system were the best. Therefore, they had an obligation to spread their superior ways of living to other people who weren’t as good as they were. They had an obligation to show these people how to run a government, how to develop an economy, and how to “properly” live life. They believed these people, whom they deemed as inferior, would benefit by being under the control of a superior group of people. Some people view this concept of imperialism as a racist view because it puts down other people’s ways of living. Social Darwinist ideas were used to justify imperialism.

How did agricultural slavery work?

There were two kinds of slaves that worked on the plantations in the South. There were house slaves, and there were field slaves. The house slaves generally worked in the home where the plantation owner lived. Some of the work the house slaves did included cooking the meals, serving the food, doing the wash, and keeping the house clean.

The field slaves worked in the farm fields. Many were involved in harvesting crops such as cotton. The field slaves worked very long days. They were up at dawn and worked until dusk. They spent time in the fields removing the balls of cotton from the cotton plants. They also tended the fields where other crops were grown. An overseer, who usually didn’t treat them well, watched them. They weren’t allowed to get an education. They were provided with the basic necessities that included receiving meals, clothing, and shelter. If the slaves misbehaved, worked too slowly, or didn’t follow orders they would often be punished severely. Life was very harsh for these slaves.

If `sin(x) + cos(x) = 1,` find `sin^3(x) + cos^3(x).`

Hello!

1. It is simple to solve the equation `sin(x)+cos(x)=1` and substitute the result into the expression `sin^3(x)+cos^3(x).` But we may solve the problem without solving the equation.

First,

`sin^3(x)+cos^3(x)=`

`=(sin(x)+cos(x))^3-3sin(x)cos^2(x)-3sin^2(x)cos(x)=`

`=(sin(x)+cos(x))^3-3sin(x)cos(x)(sin(x)+cos(x))=`

`=1-3sin(x)cos(x).`

Also,

`1=sin^2(x)+cos^2(x)=(sin(x)+cos(x))^2-2sin(x)cos(x)=`

`=1-2sin(x)cos(x),` therefore `sin(x)cos(x)=0.`

Finally, `sin^3(x)+cos^3(x)=1-3sin(x)cos(x)=1,` which is the answer.

2. If we want to solve the equation first, we divide and multiply by `sqrt(2)` and recall that `1/sqrt(2)=sin(pi/4)=cos(pi/4).` Therefore

`sin(x)+cos(x)=sqrt(2)*(cos(x)*cos(pi/4)+sin(x)*sin(pi/4))=`

`=sqrt(2)*cos(x-pi/4)=1.`

So `cos(x-pi/4)=cos(pi/4),`

`x-pi/4=+-pi/4+2k pi,` where `k` is any integer.

Therefore `x=2k pi` or `x=pi/2+2k pi.` Then `sin(x)=0,` `cos(x)=1` or `sin(x)=1,` `cos(x)=0.` And the expression in question always = 1.

Are domestic policy and politics anarchy?

Domestic politics and policy are not in a state of anarchy except in a few regions of a few countries.  It is a tenet of the study of international relations that the international community is in a state of anarchy, but that is not true of the domestic sphere.

Anarchy can be defined as a situation in which there is no recognized authority that has the right to rule.  This is true of international relations.  On the international level, there really is no government that has the right to coerce states.  The United Nations can be seen as an international authority of sorts, but it does not have the power to coerce states into doing anything unless they consent to give it that power through treaties.

By contrast, there is duly constituted authority in domestic politics.  Every country has a government that is, at least nominally, given a monopoly on the use of violence in the country.  The government has the right to coerce people into acting in certain ways.  There are places where the government is too weak to exercise this authority (for example, in much of Afghanistan), but these examples are the exception rather than the norm. 

In general, it is not correct to say that there is anarchy in domestic politics and policy.

If for an exam question you had to explain the relationship between Estella and Pip throughout the book; would you be able to include about Pip's...

Pip’s meeting with Estella at the end of the novel shows the maturity in both of them, which has advanced greatly from the first meeting, and even from their last meeting before Estella’s marriage. Pip has mellowed in his infatuation with Estella, perhaps even questioning if it had been “true love.” He has grown up and lived through some difficult times, coming to terms with what he truly is, which is different than what he wanted to be. This maturity was achieved once he learned who his true benefactor was, as well as come to terms with the fact that he was not destined to be Estella’s husband by the intention of Miss Havisham. He has realized that he has given himself up to being manipulated by someone who is more worldly-wise, and thus become worldly-wise himself.

Yet it is Estella who has changed the most. Through her abusive marriage and the relief of widowhood, she has overcome her training to break men’s hearts. She has learned to see Pip as a human being, rather than a tool to be manipulated. With the dual endings provided by Dickens (the original being one that gives a hint that their relationship might resume at a different level), we can see how both of grown up and grown beyond what they had once been.

In the Iliad, what happens because of Achilles' anger? What are three consequences?

The first consequence of Achilles' anger is that withdraws from the fighting and remains lounging in his tent. Shakespeare has comic scenes involving Achilles amusing himself in his tent along with Patroclus and the scurrilous clown Thersites in the play Troilus and Cressida. 

The second consequence is that without Achilles the Trojans are the superior fighting force. This is largely due to the leadership and example of their great hero Hector. Without Achilles, the Trojans begin overpowering the Greeks and driving them back towards their ships. Many Greeks appeal to Achilles to rejoin the fighting, but he is adamant. He wants them to appreciate how much they need him.

The third consequence is that Achilles' friend Patroclus borrows Achilles' armor in the hope of frightening the Trojans, who have advanced so far that they are fighting among the Greek ships and trying to set fire to them. But Hector slays Patroclus, thinking he is slaying Achilles. The death of his friend so enrages Achilles that he gives up his sulking in his tent and goes out to fight. He chases the entire Trojan army back behind the walls of Troy, with the exception of Hector, who decides to fight Achilles single-handedly. This is the climax of Homer's Iliad. Achilles kills Hector and drags his body around the city behind his chariot. Without Hector it seems obvious that the Trojans are now destined to lose the long war. There is a great feeling of gloom and foreboding among the Trojans at the end of the Iliad.

What is the author's purpose in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow?

When an author writes, they usually have a specific purpose in mind.  The purpose can be to inform, to entertain, or to persuade the reader.  In the case of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Washington Irving's purpose was to entertain the reader.

We know that the author's purpose is to entertain because The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is a narrative.  It tells the story of Ichabod Crane and the events leading up to his encounter with the Headless Horseman.  His flight from the Headless Horseman is then described in a narrative format.  The story contains few facts, which shows the reader that the purpose is not to inform.  The story also does not seek to persuade us of a specific message, which shows that Irving's purpose was not persuasive.

Near the end of the narrative, Irving writes that Ichabod's story is an "account of [a] ghostly adventure."  This is textual evidence which describes The Legend of Sleepy Hollow as a "ghostly adventure," proving that the purpose would be to entertain.

From Judith Ortiz Cofer's short story "American History," describe Eugene's mother.

Eugene's mother is a nurse who works at St. Joseph's Hospital, comes from Georgia, and recently moves to Paterson, New Jersey in August of 1963. They move into a predominantly African American neighborhood, but live next door to El Building which houses mostly immigrants from Puerto Rico. Because she and her family are Caucasian and from the South, they experience some of what most minorities feel all the time. For Eugene's mother, though, the house they are living in is only temporary because they plan to move away soon. It seems as if she is also prejudiced because she won't allow a Puerto Rican girl study with her son:

"Eugene doesn’t want to study with you. He is a smart boy. Doesn’t need help. You understand me. I am truly sorry if he told you you could come over. He cannot study with you. It’s nothing personal. You understand? We won’t be in this place much longer, no need for him to get close to people—it’ll just make it harder for him later. Run back home now" (Lines 230-234).

Eugene's mother probably grew up like most Southern girls who are taught that segregation between races is not only O.K., but the right thing to do. Hence, she is probably against mixed-race couples or even mixed-race friendships. As a result, she sends away a girl who might have been her son's only friend at the time.

What is an example of a foil in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare?

In literature, a foil is a character who serves as the opposite of another, typically the protagonist. The general purpose of a foil is to highlight some characteristic of the opposing character. 

In the case of Romeo & Juliet, Romeo has a foil in his best friend Mercutio.  Before the audience even meets Romeo, he is described as being very depressed and forlorn. It is later revealed that Romeo is lovesick over a girl who will never love him back. Romeo is very serious, especially over matters concerning the heart. Mercutio, on the other hand, is a natural entertainer and tries not to take matters so seriously. The best portrayal of Mercutio as Romeo's foil is his speech about Queen Mab in Act 1, Scene 4, when the two, along with Benvolio, are headed to the Capulet party. Romeo admits that he had a dream which made him second-guess their decision to attend the party. Mercutio responds with an entertaining speech about a mystical fairy that brings dreams of deepest desires. He claims that dreams are fanciful creations of bored minds and are not to be taken seriously. Romeo, on the other hand, being the serious, love struck character, feels the exact opposite.

Describe what happens when Jem and Atticus visit the Robinson's home.

In Chapter 24, Atticus interrupts Aunt Alexandra's missionary circle to ask Calpurnia to travel with him to Helen Robinson's home so that he can bring her the news of Tom's death. In Chapter 25, Scout retells Dill's story about Jem's visit to the Robinson home. Dill says that he and Jem had just finished swimming and flagged down Atticus as he was driving towards them. Atticus eventually allowed Jem and Dill to ride with him to Helen Robinson's home and explained the story to them in the car. Dill tells Scout that when they arrived at the Negro cabins, they saw several children playing marbles in the yard. Atticus then asked for Helen, and Sam ran to get her. Atticus then helped Helen's younger daughter down the steps and gave her to Calpurnia as he told Helen the news about her husband. Dill then tells Scout that Helen suddenly fell to the ground upon hearing the news, and both Cal and Atticus had to help her up. Dill said that after Atticus and Cal took Helen into the cabin, they stayed inside for a long time until Atticus came out.

Hey Guys, I'm a little stuck with a question on my science paper - This is the question: Water has a density of 1 gcm-3, What does this mean? (the...

Density of a substance is the ratio of its mass and volume. Since mass has typical units of gram or kilogram and volume is generally given units or ml, liter, cm^3, etc.; the units of density are (generally) gm/cm^3, kg/lt or kg/m^3, etc. Water is the most commonly known liquid known to mankind. It has a density of 1 g/cm^3. The units can also be expressed as `gcm^(-3)` instead of `g/(cm^3)` . Mathematically, the term in the denominator can be written as a term in numerator with a power of -1. In other words, a/b can also be written as a.b^(-1). The same terminology has been used here. The -3 that you see in your question paper is actually the power of 'cm' and that is the reason it is a bit smaller.

Hope this helps.   

Why won't the school punish Dana in Hoot?

Dana Matherson is a bully who regularly terrorizes students at Trace Middle School. As the new kid in school and one who weighs under 100 pounds, Roy finds himself on the receiving end of Dana's torments. On the bus one day, Dana puts Roy into a dangerous choke hold, and Roy can hardly breathe. To save himself, Roy punches blindly behind him and over his head and connects with Dana's nose, breaking it. Roy gets called before the vice-principal, Miss Hennepin, to account for his actions. She is able to see the bruises on Roy's neck, so she knows he tells the truth about Dana choking him. Roy is punished by being suspended from the bus for two weeks and having to write an apology letter to Dana.

Dana, however, receives no punishment from the school. Because Dana has received such a severe injury, the school fears his parents might sue the school. In order to keep Dana's parents from stirring up any trouble, the school "decided not to take disciplinary action against Dana Matherson." In the end, however, Dana is sent away to juvenile detention when he is lured into trespassing on a false tip from Roy. Although the school doesn't give Dana what he deserves, Dana eventually gets his comeuppance. 

What are seismic waves?

Seismic waves are energy waves, generally associated with earthquakes. They carry the energy from the source of vibrations (epicenter or point where rocks break). They are classified as either body waves or surface waves. Body waves carry the energy from the interior of Earth to its exterior surface and hence they travel in the outward direction. They are further divided into P waves and S waves. P waves can move through both solids and liquids, while S waves moves through solid rock only. Thus, P waves will reach an observer or a seismic station earliest, as compared to other seismic waves. Body waves have higher frequency than surface waves and alert the animals of an impending earthquake (especially the P waves). Surface waves move along the surface of Earth and are responsible for the structural damage.  

Hope this helps. 

Where was Roy Eberhardt born in Carl Hiaasen's Hoot?

Roy Eberhardt, the protagonist of Carl Hiaasen's Hoot, was born in Detroit, Michigan. 

He'd told the kids at school he was from Montana, cattle country, when in fact he'd been born in Detroit, Michigan. 

Although Roy was born in Detroit, Michigan, his mother and father moved him out of Michigan when he was just a baby. Roy's family has moved frequently throughout his life, which has made it difficult for Roy to feel settled enough to refer to one specific place as his "hometown." Although it is not his place of birth, Roy's favorite place that his family has ever lived is Bozeman, Montana. Bozeman, Montana was the place Roy's family lived right before moving to Coconut Cove, Florida. Roy lived in Montana for "two years, seven months, and eleven days" before moving to Florida. Roy's recent past as a Montana resident and his love for Bozeman is what prompts Dana to mockingly refer to him as "cowgirl."

What is a theme?

I am hoping your question is asking about what theme is in literature rather than just the conventional composition theme like a five-paragraph essay. 

Authors develop themes in their writing to get across important ideas that they would like their readers to take away from their piece of literature. Usually, these themes are universal; in other words, they span culture and time. For example, the theme of good vs. bad is seen in various works of literature from the stories in The Bible to characters in the Harry Potter series.  As readers, we learn about ourselves and the human experience through an author’s development of theme. The main theme of a work is usually developed through the main character and his actions and motivations. A single piece of literature can have many themes, and they can be found through analyzing what you learn about human beings through characters, actions, and events.

As an example, here are a few themes found in the Harry Potter series.

• Friendship


• Competition


• Responsibility


• Overcoming obstacles and hardships


• Morality


• Good vs. evil

What activities did Manzanar offer the detainees?

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, which altered the lives of the Japanese people living in America. Members of the Japanese community in America were tagged suspects and contained in military camps. After President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, people of Japanese descent were relocated to Manzanar in Owens Valley. The Wakatsukis were separated from their father, who was held at Fort Lincoln as an enemy alien. The rest of the family finally proceeded to Manzanar.

In Manzanar, the people were engaged in different activities. For instance, some work at the reservoir, mama worked as a dietician, and Jeanne and Ray engaged in sports. She was quite interested in baton twirling while her brother played football. After the first year, the people started enjoying some freedoms such as venturing beyond the reservation’s boundaries. The children were taken beyond the fence for recreation while adults, like Papa, ventured out to obtain driftwood for carpentry within the camp. The people also operated a farm to improve their ability towards self-sustenance.