What was the device called which Faber had given Montag in order to communicate with him?

In Part Two "The Sieve and the Sand" of the novel Fahrenheit 451, Montag travels to Faber's house trying to find meaning in the texts he is reading. Faber is hesitant to help Montag because he fears that the government will arrest him. Montag suggests that they make copies of books and distribute them. Then, Faber makes the suggestion that they should "plant" the books in the homes of firemen to destroy the entire system. Faber tells Montag he is only joking, and then admits to him that he is a complete coward. Before Montag leaves, he asks Faber if there is any way he can help him with Captain Beatty. Faber opens his bedroom door and leads Montag down a small hallway to a room with tools, gadgets, and various mechanical devices. Faber gives Montag his two-way listening device called the "green bullet." The green bullet resembles a Seashell radio and allows Faber to not only communicate with Montag but also listen to his conversations. Later that night, Faber reads Montag the book of Job via the green bullet.

What were the Corn Laws?

The Corn Laws placed restrictions on the importation of grain into Great Britain. Many members of Parliament were large (mostly absentee) landholders, and they profited from the production of grains on their estates. The Corn Laws were basically protective tariffs on agricultural goods. While they were good for the large landowners (and the dwindling number of small farmers) they were bad for the growing industrial workforce, who were forced to buy food at prices that many argued were artificially high. The laws met with significant and long-standing opposition from many reformers, among both the growing population of working-class radicals and moderate liberal middle-class advocates of free trade. The protests became particularly fierce when domestic harvests were poor, and prices rose beyond the ability of the poor to buy flour and bread. The Corn Laws were finally repealed in the 1840s, partly in response to the outbreak of famine in Ireland, then part of Great Britain.  

The most common atomospheric gas is

The atmosphere refers to the layer of gases surrounding Earth.

The composition of the atmosphere contains the following gases. Nitrogen makes up 78 percent of the atmosphere which is its largest component. Next is oxygen which comprises 21 percent. The last 1 percent can be subdivided into the following gases-argon, carbon dioxide, neon and helium.

The atmosphere is very important because its layers each have significant features that help the Earth in various ways. The troposphere-layer nearest the Earth's surface is where weather events occur as well as winds. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer which protects Earth from harmful high-- energy radiation. The mesosphere has temperatures that decrease to the lowest in the atmosphere and the thermosphere has very hot temperatures nearly 1000 degrees C. Finally, there is the exosphere, the outermost layer which extends into outer space.

It is interesting to note that although carbon dioxide is a fraction of 1 percent of the atmosphere, it plays a role in keeping the planet warm and in recent years, the slight increase of carbon dioxide has led to global warming. It is also interesting to note that oxygen, which aerobic organisms depend on, is not the largest component of the atmosphere.

Is Napoleon a dictator or a reformer? Why is he a dictator? Why is he a reformer?

No person—even those as polarizing as Napoleon Bonaparte—can be classified as only on specific kind of person. So, is Napoleon a reformer or a dictator? The short answer is he was both.

Those who view Napoleon as a dictator can point to his involvement with how he came into power in France. What started as a parliamentary coup that installed Napoleon as first consul in the three-member Consulate soon escalated into a military coup. This—along with Napoleon's absolute and unrestricted control of the government—cement his role as a dictator.

Historians who focus on Napoleon's role as a reformer are likely to mention the fact that he instituted multiple reforms that had major effects on France at the time and continue to this day. Napoleon instituted banking and education reforms and was a solid supporter of the arts and science. The Napoleonic Code streamlined the legal system in France and is still part of French law today.

In a detailed reference, how does Harper Lee give the reader an insight into the black community through the character Reverend Sykes?

Reverend Sykes is definitely a respected leader in the black community, so he would be their go-to-guy with any of their concerns. Also, with him leading church every Sunday, he is the source of information about those who are sick, afflicted, or sinners. During his Sunday sermon which Jem and Scout attend, Reverend Sykes calls the sinners to repentance, but this also gives the reader a look into the types of lives his flock is living.

"His sermon was a forthright denunciation of sin, . . . he warned his flock against the evils of heady brews, gambling, and strange women. Bootleggers caused enough trouble in the Quarters, but women were worse" (122).

It would seem that the Reverend's concerns around their black community deals with drinking, gambling, and casual relationships with women. He even goes on to call individuals out on their sins as follows:

"Jim Hardy had been absent from church five Sundays and he wasn't sick; Constance Jackson had better watch her ways--she was in grave danger for quarreling with her neighbors; she had erected the only spite fence in the history of the Quarters" (122).

It would almost seem like the Reverend had become a little bit of a gossip, but his warning calls certainly give insight into how the community is interacting with each other and what vices they struggle with. On a more sober note, though, it is interesting that it was so difficult for the Reverend to collect $10.00 for Helen Robinson. Reverend Sykes doesn't dismiss the congregation until they have collected money enough to help Helen. There are a couple of reasons why it is difficult to raise the money: either the community dismisses her because of her husband's trouble and they don't want to help, or the community is just so poor that they can barely sustain themselves let alone help a local family in trouble. The second is more likely the situation due to fact that they are in the middle of The Great Depression. But Calpurnia does answer Scout when the question is asked why Helen can't get work:

"It's because of what folks say Tom's done, . . . Folks aren't anxious to--to have anything to do with any of his family" (123).

The worst case scenario is that the black community would shun one of their own during a time of crisis. The allegations against Tom Robinson are deeply insulting and no one wants to be associated with helping out the family of a possible rapist. Based on the support the community gives Tom on his day in court, though, it's probably more likely that Helen couldn't get work because white people don't want to hire her, not because black people won't. Again, the black community is probably just too poor to be able to donate more than what Reverend Sykes asks for. 

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Jem comes up with his own categories for people in the world--his own definition of background. How does he define the...

This is in Chapter 23. The conversation comes about because Aunt Alexandra has just told Scout that she cannot ever invite Walter Cunningham over because "he--is--trash" (256). Scout is about to explode, but Jem stops her, catching her by the shoulders, putting his arm around her, and guiding her to his bedroom. She is furious. She tells him, "That boy's not trash, Jem. He ain't like the Ewells" (257). This is what leads to Jem's insights about the "four kinds of folks in the world." 

He says, "There's the ordinary kind like us and the neighbors, there's the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes" (258). Scout forces him to clarify what he means by the four types of people in Maycomb County. They discuss it a while longer, and Jem finally says, "Background doesn't mean Old Family. I think it's how long your family's been readin' and writin'" (258). 

What is Andrew Jackson's idea of being common man and tyrant?

Andrew Jackson represented the interests of the common man. His detractors also called him a tyrant. Andrew Jackson believed the common man’s interests weren’t being represented in the government. While he was President, nominating conventions were used to choose the party’s candidates instead of party caucuses. This meant party members chose the party's candidates instead of just the party leaders. President Jackson began the spoils system. This allowed him to give government jobs to his supports. This gave common people at a better chance of getting government jobs.

Those who disliked him called him a tyrant. He was nicknamed “King Andrew” by his detractors. They believed Andrew Jackson acted like a king. They didn’t like how he tried to “kill” the national bank by transferring federal money into state banks. He wanted the banks to stop being an economic force before the bank’s charter ended in 1836. President Jackson refused to enforce a Supreme Court decision allowing the Cherokee tribe to remain in Georgia. To his detractors, he appeared as a person that didn’t respect the Constitution and acted like a tyrant would act.

Thus, his enemies perceived Andrew Jackson as a tyrant. His supporters viewed him as a common man who protected their interests.

Why would a contemporary audience find Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer an entertaining and rewarding experience?

In his brief preface to The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, aka Mark Twain, acknowledged that the future audience for his novel about a young mischievous boy in the American South of the mid-19th century was written primarily, but not solely, with children in mind:

"Although my book is intended mainly for the entertainment of boys and girls, I hope it will not be shunned by men and women on that account, for part of my plan has been to try to pleasantly remind adults of what they once were themselves, and of how they felt and thought and talked, and what queer enterprises they sometimes engaged in."

Twain's novel has remained popular, although not as much so as the sequel about one of Tom's friends from this first book, Huck Finn. The reasons for the enduring appeal of Twain's novels, including The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, are their depiction of a time and a place no better captured by any other author of prominence, by their portrayal of adventuresome children getting into and out of trouble, and, most importantly, because of a respect and admiration for the author that has transcended time. Tom Sawyer is certainly not among the finest works of fiction in the history of American literature. In many ways, it is really nothing special. What makes it worth reading more than a century after its publication is its reflection of Twain's own life and of his imagination and ability to spin a good yarn. Twain is rightly considered a giant of American letters, and his biography is filled with fascinating details about his life and travels. One would not be wasting one's time to read his Autobiography of Mark Twain, which exhibits his humor and story-telling ability better than any of his works of fiction. Note, for instance, the following passage from Chapter One of his autobiography. Referencing the tiny community in which his parents had settled and in which he was conceived, Twain wrote: "The village contained a hundred people and I increased the population by one per cent. It is more than many of the best men in history could have done for a town." That The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was drawn from his own childhood experiences, then, only enhances the appeal of his novel. In the story of Tom Sawyer, a character who was a composite of several of the author's childhood friends, Twain's autobiography does run parallel to his fiction. Early in the novel, Twain's narrator makes this observation regarding the titular character: "He was not the Model Boy of the village. He knew the model boy very well though — and loathed him." This brief description can be read in the context of any number of childhood adventures experienced by the author during his early life. Read, for instance, in Chapter 15 of the autobiography Twain's remembrances of the efforts he invested in sidling up close to Will Bowen, another boy in his small town, for the express purpose of exposing himself to the other child's case of measles. Twain's description of his efforts at contracting this disease could easily have been a chapter in Tom Sawyer.

While The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn stands as his most enduring novel, even more so than The Prince and the Pauper and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, because of its brilliant depiction of life along the Mississippi and the importance of that river in sustaining life and in symbolizing freedom, it remains the public's fascination with Mark Twain the American author that keeps readers coming back to his novels. And it is that fascination with Twain that makes The Adventures of Tom Sawyer so enduringly appealing. Twain succeeded in creating a figure that has survived the ages precisely because his young protagonist is so rebellious, within certain limits, and yet so innocent -- possibly a literary metaphor for the nation that spawned this remarkable author. Tom is a child, and so capable of any number of infractions against societal norms. As Twain suggested in the above passage from his "Preface," the book certainly appeals more the children than to adults, but it adults who are capable of reading it within the context in which it was written.

`5x - 3y + 2z = 3, 2x + 4y - z = 2, x + y - z = -1` Solve the system of linear equations and check any solutions algebraically.

Eq. 1 : `5x-3y+2z=3`

Eq. 2 : `2x+4y-z=2`

Eq. 3 : `x+y-z=-1`

Multiply Eq. 2 by 2 and add Eq. 1,

`4x+8y-2z=4`

`5x-3y+2z=3`

Eq.4 : `9x+5y=7`

Subtract Eq. 3 from Eq. 2,

Eq.5 : `x+3y=3`

Now let's solve Eq.4 and Eq.5 by substitution method,

From Eq.5 ,

`x=3-3y`

Substitute the above expression of x in the Eq.4,

`9(3-3y)+5y=7`

`27-27y+5y=7`

`27-22y=7`

`-22y=7-27`

`-22y=-20`

`y=(-20)/-22`

`y=10/11`

Plug in the value of y in the expression of x,

`x=3-3y`

`x=3-3(10/11)`

`x=3-30/11`

`x=(33-30)/11`

`x=3/11`

Plug in the values of x and y in the Eq.3,

`3/11+10/11-z=-1`

`13/11-z=-1`

`-z=-1-13/11`

`-z=(-11-13)/11`

`-z=(-24)/11`

`z=24/11`

Solutions of the equations are x=3/11 , y=10/11 and z=24/11

What is the meaning behind "mysterious energy" in Paulo Coelho's book The Alchemist? I feel like he means superstition in a sense, but I'm not...

In Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist, Melchizedek, the King of Salem, is speaking with the boy about how to obtain one's Personal Legend. One's Personal Legend is fulfilling one's full potential in life. For Santiago, he must find his treasure at the Egyptian pyramids as told to him in a dream. He must go on a journey, though, and this journey is where he discovers more about himself than just searching for treasure. Melchizedek explains that one's Personal Legend is different for everyone and we all know what it is when we are children. However, the following eventually occurs:

"But as time passes, a mysterious force begins to convince them that it will be impossible for them to realize their Personal Legend. . . It's a force that appears to be negative, but actually shows you  how to realize your Personal Legend. It prepares your spirit and your will, because there is one great truth on this planet: whoever you are. . . when you really want something, it's because that desire originated in the soul of the universe. It's your mission on earth" (21-22).

The above passage helps to complete the "mysterious force" thought by connecting it to the soul of the universe. The mysterious force seems negative, which can be construed as something evil to some, but it's really the person facing his or her challenge--and that can feel like fear, superstitions, negativity, doubt, or any other repressive feeling if it is translated incorrectly. The soul of the universe originates in a person's deepest desires, and when a person actually connects with the language of the universe, they feel that mysterious force. People who face this "force" or "energy" are really being challenged to pursue their full potential. Some people hide from it; some people say they will go after it later in life; some disregard it and submit to living a "safe" life; and others accept the challenge and proceed on their journey to discover their Personal Legends.

What does Miss Gates say does not happen in this country and does happen in Germany?

Miss Gates is the teacher Scout gets in the fall following the Tom Robinson case. Miss Gates asks the class to bring in Current Events articles to present and discuss. Scout says that some of the kids brought advertisements because most didn't understand what a Current Event was. Cecil Jacobs, on the other hand, brought in an article about Hitler's treatment of Jews at the time. Children ask her how Hitler can do that and Miss Gates first teaches them that the United States is a democracy and Germany is a dictatorship. Then Miss Gates says a very blind, ironic and hypocritical statement, as follows:

"Over here we don't believe in persecuting anybody. Persecution comes from people who are prejudiced. . . There are no better people in the world than the Jews, and why Hitler doesn't think so is a mystery to me"(245).

In a round-about way, Miss Gates is suggesting that prejudice exists in Germany and not in America. However, Miss Gates does not say this explicitly; she just says that Americans don't believe in it. The whole scene is ironic because prejudice feelings and events abound in Maycomb County, U.S.A., but of course, that topic isn't touched in class.

What were the reasons for Shylock's loneliness in Merchant of Venice?

There's not much reason to believe that Shylock is truly lonely in “The Merchant of Venice”, maybe a better word to describe his position in Venetian society is “isolated”. Shylock is isolated because he is a Jew and the Jewish society of Venice at the time was cut off by law from the Christian society and was only permitted to deal with them in very specific ways: they were forced to live in a separate ghetto to which they had to return at night and be locked in until morning, and they were only allowed to work as moneylenders, they were prohibited from holding any other kind of job. Shylock has many connections to other members of the Jewish community, though; in fact the Jewish community in the play is portrayed as being closely knit. There’s his daughter Jessica, of course, and also his friend Tubal who we meet in Act Three, and there are many references throughout the play to other Jewish friends and business associates both in Venice and abroad. The Jews are forced to live separated from Christian Venice, however, and at critical moments that leaves Shylock very isolated, particularly in the trial scene when he is surrounded by Christians and facing a biased and hostile Christian judge.

`sin(pi/12)cos(pi/4) + cos(pi/12)sin(pi/4)` Find the exact value of the expression.

You need to recognize the formula sin(a+b) = sin a*cos b + sin b*cos a. You need to put `a = pi/12` and `b = pi/4 ` , such that:

`sin(pi/12 + pi/4) = sin (pi/12 ) *cos (pi/4)+ sin (pi/4)cos (pi/12 )`

`sin (4pi/12)= sin (pi/12 ) *cos (pi/4)+ sin (pi/4)cos (pi/12)`

`sin (pi/3) = sin (pi/12 ) *cos (pi/4)+ sin (pi/4)cos (pi/12)`

`sin (pi/12 ) *cos (pi/4)+ sin (pi/4)cos (pi/12) = sqrt3/2`

Hence, the given expression could be evaluated as the sine of the sum of angles `pi/12` and `pi/4,` such that `sin (pi/3) = sin (pi/12 ) *cos (pi/4)+ sin (pi/4)cos (pi/12) = sqrt3/2`

Prior to the health care reform that was passed in 2010, the government’s role in health care was limited to A. Medicare and Medicaid. B....

Of these answers, the best answer is to say that the federal government’s involvement in health care before 2010 was limited to Medicare and Medicaid.  This is not really true as the federal government was involved in many other ways such as regulating various aspects of the industry, but it is the closest to being correct.

Medicare is a federal government entitlement that is mostly concerned with providing health insurance to people over the age of 65.  Medicaid is a program that helps people pay for health care if they have low incomes.  It is run jointly by the national government and the states.

The national government was involved with both of these programs long before 2010.  This means that Option C is wrong.  Option D refers to an old name for a welfare program, not a health care program.  The US has never had universal health care so Option B is not right either.  For these reasons, Option A is the best answer. 

In "There Will Come Soft Rains," where are the human beings?

In “There Will Come Soft Rains,” there are no human beings still alive in the story.  As a matter of fact, the only things we see of them are their “painted” shadows on the wall after a nuclear war.  Supposedly, a nuclear blast will imprint the shadow of someone against a wall if they are in a certain radius of the explosion. This phenomenon was first seen with the dropping of the bombs at Nagasaki and Hiroshima.  The only thing still alive (and not for long) is the family dog that somehow survived the catastrophe.  He comes to the door wanting to be let in and fed but, unfortunately, dies.  The robot mice sweep him right up, and he is incinerated in the basement.

It is ironic that the technology that controlled the family’s life and provided them with an easy lifestyle is the very same technology that killed them.  The technology lived on without the family until the very end when fire destroys the last house standing in the city. 

`2x - y = 0, x - y = 7` Solve the system of linear equations and check any solutions algebraically.

EQ1: 2x-y=0

EQ2: x-y=7

To solve this system of equations, let's apply substitution method. Let's isolate the x in the second equation.

`x - y=7`

`x=7+y`

Then, plug-in this to the first equation.

`2x - y=0`

`2(7+y)-y = 0`

And solve for y.

`14+2y-y=0`

`14+y=0`

`y=-14`

Now that the value of y is known, solve for x. Let's plug-in y=-14 to the second equation.

`x -y=7`

`x-(-14)=7`

`x+14=7`

`x=7-14`

`x=-7`

To check, plug-in x=-7 and y=-14 to one of the original equations. Let's use the first equation.

`2x-y=0`

`2(-7) - (-14)=0`

`-14 + 14=0`

`0=0 `   (True)

Therefore, the solution is (-7,-14).

Where on a cow does liquid fat come from?

Liquid fats, in the form of milk, are excreted from mammary glands in the cow's udder. The udder is along the cow's stomach, just in front of the two hind legs. The udder is analogous to human breasts in the fact that it is made up from mammary glands and the milk is expelled through nipples. However, on the cow, there are four nipples on the one udder, as opposed to one nipple per breast on a human.

Milk is produced by cows for the same reason all mammals produce milk- to feed their young. In agricultural contexts, a cow's milk may also be consumed by humans or made into products like butter (primarily made of the milk fats) or yoghurt.

Milk fat is primarily saturated fat, though there are also monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in milk. Fats make up about 3.4% of the liquid milk, though this level of fat may be altered for human consumption, as with skimmed milk.

In what ways are Ulrich’s actions influenced by the natural setting and its conditions?

Ulrich von Gradwitz lives for the day that he can rid himself of his enemy, Georg Znaeym, whom he considers a "tireless game snatcher" and "raider of the disputed border forest." Therefore, he patrols this part of the forest regularly. On one particularly windy night as the deer act counter to their natures, he sets out with his foresters to find his enemy, who he determines must be in the forest.

Even during inclement weather, Ulrich has his foresters join him as he patrols the land that he considers his despite the famous lawsuit and the refusal of the dispossessed party not having accepted the judgment of the courts. On this particular night he probably would not venture out, but because the deer have been "running like driven things" rather than bed down in the windy night as they normally would, Ulrich suspects his enemy of prowling this strip of forest. So, he has his foresters station themselves on the crest of a hill while he treks through the lower part of the contested forest.

In the midst of this wind and developing storm, Ulrich comes around a huge beech tree and finds himself staring in the face of his sworn enemy. In that split second of hesitation because of their breeding as gentlemen, neither fires a shot. In the next instant, lightning strikes the huge old tree, and "a deed of Nature's own violence overwhelmed them both." Both Ulrich and Georg Znaeym are pinned beneath splintered branches. 

As they lie trapped together in enmity, each threatens the other with what his men will do to his enemy. But, as time passes and none of the foresters appear, Ulrich begins to ponder their dangerous predicament. After some private deliberation, Ulrich reconsiders, and he rids himself of his animosity. He asks Georg if he can reach his flask of warm wine if he tosses it to Georg, adding, "Let us drink, even if tonight one of us dies. Georg refuses the offer, adamant in his hatred, "....I don't drink wine with an enemy." But, as time passes and Ulrich pursues his attempts at amelioration, Georg finally relents.

"I think I have changed my mind about things, too....And you offered me your wine flask....Ulrich von Gradwitz, I will be your friend."

Like Ulrich, Georg has realized that they are in a life-and-death situation, and a feud over a strip of land somehow seems insignificant now.

Clearly, the stormy night in the forest and their being victimized by Nature has put the enmity that each feels toward the other into different perspectives. Influenced by these factors, Ulrich von Gradwitz offers his friendship to his old foe, and his enemy, George Znaeym, reconsiders his animus and resolves, also, to end their longstanding feud.

What is observed from Gilman's language choices? How does it look on the page? Why has she chosen this format?

This is an interesting set of questions.  Let us tackle the trickiest one first: some aspects of format are beyond Gilman's control, or beyond the control of any author. She did not, for example, control how the text was presented on the page, what font was used, etc. You might review two or more printings of the story to see what difference this makes.

Turning to the language itself, there are several aspects of the language that are worth noting.

The first, of course, is that it is a first person narrative. Since this is someone who experiences a reality that no one else in the story does, that creates suspense and ambiguity.

Within that first person narrative, there is often a sense that the narrator is engaging someone else--arguing with them, answering them, etc. For example, look at this line early in the story: "Else, why should it be let so cheaply? And why have stood so long untenanted?" To whom is she asking this question?

The narrative is broken into brief paragraphs, creating a sense of fragmentation.

Finally, some of the word choice is striking. For example, consider this early line: "Still I will proudly declare that there is something queer about it." Using the word "queer" indicates the house is strange. Using "proudly" shows she is already emotionally attached, just a few lines in. That's strange.

How did the country change after the War of 1812?

The United States changed significantly after the War of 1812. One big change is that we had only one political party for a period of time. Towards the end of the war, the Federalist Party was viewed as selfish and unpatriotic because they were against the War of 1812. After the War of 1812 ended, the Federalist Party disappeared. Only the Democratic-Republican Party existed after the War of 1812 as we entered the Era of Good Feelings.

The power of the federal government grew after the War of 1812. The court case of McCulloch v Maryland stated that a loose view of the Constitution was legal. The case of Gibbons v Ogden stated the federal government controls interstate trade. The American System developed. This allowed for protective tariffs, having a national bank, and improving and building our roads and canals.

After the War of 1812, our industries began to grow. More factories were built, and people moved to or settled in the cities to work in them. Protective tariffs gave our industries a chance to compete against the more established and more efficient European businesses.

There were many changes in the United States after the War of 1812.