In 1984, describe the scene from the war film that Winston recounts.

In 1984, Winston goes to see a war film characterized by graphic violence. He writes about it in his journal in great detail. In one scene, a ship of refugees is being bombed and a fat man, trying to escape, is chased by a helicopter and shot "full of holes," while the sea around him turns pink. Winston records the audience "shouting with laugher" as the man sinks.

Winston then recounts a scene in which a mother on the same refuge ship under attack tries to protect her screaming three-year-old boy from the helicopter. The helicopter bombs her and the child, and Winston describes "a wonderful shot of a child's arm going right up in the air." Winston notes that in the Party member section of the theater, many people cheer at this sight, but that a female prole has to be dragged out for protesting that they shouldn't show such a scene in front of children.

Winston's journal account of the film shows how callous and dehumanized people, especially Party members, have become, taught to applaud graphic violence and to channel their aggressions into watching innocent people suffer. 

Using two direct quotes, what are the negative effects of colonization in Achebe's Things Fall Apart?

Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart portrays the tragic story of Okonkwo, a strong-willed warrior who is unwilling to adapt to the changing social conditions that are the result of colonialism. White Christian missionaries enter Umuofia and their influence rapidly changes the face of the region. Tribal elders initially treat Christian missionaries derisively, but soon see the error in their ways:

“And even in the matter of religion there was a growing feeling that there might be something in it after all, something vaguely akin to method in the overwhelming madness” (178).

Along with Christianity, white settlers also bring in European models of government into Umuofia. The District Commissioner quickly alters the judicial system of the area. The European judicial system disregards the customs of the natives, and imposes an arbitrary set of rules on the tribes of the area. Okonkwo grows increasingly frustrated at these elements of the community, and this drives him to suicide. Obierika blames the District Commissioner, and white settlers in general, for Okonkwo’s death

“That man was one of the greatest men in Umuofia. You drove him to kill himself, and now he will be buried like a dog” (208).

Thus, the negative elements of colonialism are pervasive and alter the customs and traditions of Umuofia.

What is the dramatic significance of Act 1 of Arms and the Man?

George Bernard Shaw's play Arms and the Man is a play about both love and war. In a sense, Shaw sees these two themes as connected, in that romantic attitudes, which glamorize war and relationships rather than looking at them realistically, lead to bad outcomes in both the relationships among individuals and nations.

The first Act of Arms and the Man sets up the major conflict in the play between romantic ideals and reality, a conflict that plays out in the growth of the central character, Raina. At the opening of the play, Raina's mother is presented as enthralled with the glamour of war and of Sergius, the young hero to whom Raina is engaged. Raina is somewhat more ambivalent, but has no alternative models of either military or romantic ideals with which to compare her mother's views.

With the intrusion of Captain Bluntschli, not only does Shaw introduce a romantic alternative but also an ideological one. Thus the first act not only introduces the main characters and conflicts of the play, but also the ideas about war that Shaw wants to investigate through the vehicle of the play. Captain Bluntschli will serve almost as a mouthpiece for Shaw in the play.

What is friction?

Friction can be defined as the resistance to the relative motion of surfaces. These surfaces could be solid surfaces or liquid layers, etc. A common example of friction is force that develops between the road and the tire of cars (or other vehicles). This friction resists the motion of tires on road and generates heat, which causes the wear of the tires. Frictional force acts along the interacting surfaces and its direction is opposite to the applied force (that's how it resist motion). Frictional force is directly proportional to the normal force exerted by interacting surfaces on each other and is given as:

`F = muN`

where, `mu` is the coefficient of friction. 

We make use of friction in designing vehicle braking systems. Friction can be reduced by use of lubricants or oils. 

Hope this helps. 

What did Jess make for the children's supper?

The book you are referring to is The Boxcar Children by Gertrude Chandler Warner, a children's book first published in 1924. The oldest sister is named Jess, and she has to make quite a few dinners to feed her siblings. The four children, Henry, Jess, Violet, and Benny run away after their father dies when they realize they will be separated.

The first night they eat bread that Jess has taken from their house. By the next night they have found the boxcar (and a dog). Henry goes to town and brings back milk, brown bread and cheese. The children have also found blueberry bushes.

Later in the story, Henry has found various odd jobs. Jess at one point makes a stew with meat, turnips, onions, and carrots. The children become good at scavenging scraps from others' kitchens, become cherry pickers/eaters, and in general are well-fed despite being on their own and living in a boxcar.

What is the meaning of Sharper than serpents tooth is ungrateful child from King Lear?

This quote comes from Act 1, scene 4 of William Shakespeare's King Lear as the titular Lear laments that his children, more specifically his daughter Goneril, are inherently ungrateful. Lear abdicates power to his daughters, only for them to disregard his wishes. He poignantly uses the image of a serpent's tooth and bemoans the fact that his power hungry children have no sense of gratitude or familial loyalty. While Lear is referring directly to Goneril and attacking her lack of character, the metaphor extends to his squabbling family. Lear wants his family to be respectful, and their general apathy toward his well being in conjunction with their greed for power make them ruthless entities. Therefore, he compares them to dangerous serpents, which carries an additional evil connotation in that the serpent in Western culture is often associated with Satan.  

How does Mary Shelley use the hints and suspense before things happen? What are the techniques she uses?

Throughout the novel of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, hints and suspense are used to captivate the reader and allude to the events to come. Although there are numerous techniques utilized in the novel, some of the most significant are foreshadowing and flashbacks.

In the beginning of the novel, Shelley utilizes foreshadowing to illustrate and hint about the coming events with Victor and his creature. In the beginning, the Walton finds Victor. Victor sees how Walton is arduously pursuing the acquisition of knowledge and warns him about the pain this might cause. As a result, he begins to speak vaguely of his own experiences saying:

You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been.

With this, Shelley utilizes foreshadowing to hint to the readers about the agony that Victor experienced due to his zealous ambition with knowledge.

Additionally, Shelley utilizes the techniques of foreshadowing with the death of Justine. With this, Justine seems to realize that she will be convicted of the murder and already seems to accept her fate. As Justine herself states, "I commit my cause to the justice of my judges, yet I see no room for hope.” 

Lastly, Shelley also utilizes flashbacks to create suspense. After bring the creature to life, Victor abandons his creation. As the story progresses, we know little about what is happening to the creature until Victor and the creature finally converse and the creature reveals his previous experiences. With this, Shelley utilizes suspense in her novel by having readers question or wonder what happened to the creature during his time of absence from the novel.

Consequently, Shelley utilizes hints and suspense to incite the readers to be curious about future events. With these techniques, Shelley captivates and motivates her readers to continue reading due to their intrigue and interest.