In lines 10-19 of Kennedy's inaugural address, the tone could best be described as what?

Without seeing the copy of Kennedy's address with line numbers that this question is referring to, it is impossible to know exactly what lines 10-19 actually are. But it seems likely, given the way the speech is laid out, that the question is referring to the passage that begins:

Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans--born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage--and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

In this passage, Kennedy is asserting the determination of what we have come to know as the "World War II generation" (of which he himself was a member) to uphold the values they remembered fighting for in the 1940s and in the early years of the Cold War. He goes on to say that the United States will "meet any price" and "bear any hardship" to ensure the "survival and success of liberty." The tone of these lines is resolute, even bellicose or warlike in places. Kennedy is positioning himself in the same way he had during the election of 1960--as a tough anti-Communist who is willing to do almost anything to promote what he saw as an agenda of freedom around the world. Of course, the address was being delivered to the American people, but with his strident tone, Kennedy was sending a message to Nikita Khrushchev and the Soviet Union as well. 

How does Walter Cunningham claim he almost died his first year of school?

At the beginning of Chapter 3, Scout is beating up Walter Cunningham when Jem intervenes and breaks up the fight. Jem invites Walter Cunningham to his house for a meal, and Walter reluctantly accepts. As the children walk to the Finch residence, Jem references Boo Radley by saying, "A hain't lives there." (Lee 31) Walter tells Jem that he almost died his first year of school after eating Radley's "poisonous pecans." Walter elaborates and tells Jem that Boo purposely poisons the pecans and puts them over on the school side of the fence. This is another example of how rumors about Boo Radley circulate. The children imagine a terrifying creature whose top priority is to harm others. Throughout the novel, as Scout and Jem mature, they learn the true nature of Boo Radley, who is just a reclusive, caring neighbor.

In lines 57-59 of "How It Feels to Be Colored Me," what exactly does Hurston mean when she says, "No brown specter pulls up a chair beside me when...

In lines 57-59 of "How It Feels to Be Colored Me," Hurston makes a reference to a "brown specter" and a "dark ghost."  A specter is another word for ghost or some other supernatural apparition.  In the context of the essay, Hurston personifies these supernatural elements to speak figuratively about people of color who have been oppressed by whites.  She says that these ghosts come back to remind whites of their role in racial oppression.  After her reference to the ghosts, she says that "[t]he position of [her]white neighbor is much more difficult."  She means that it is easier to be a person of color in America because people of color are not guilty of racially oppressing other people.  Hurston figuratively suggests that white people must contend with the brown ghosts of the past who show up to remind them of their crimes.  So, Hurston personifies the "brown specter"  and the "dark ghost" to suggest that the past can never be forgotten.

How can I analyze a passage from Hamlet, exploring Shakespeare's use of language and dramatic effects?

I can give you a couple of focal points to consider about Shakespearean language and the tragedy Hamlet overall to use on the passage assigned by your teacher. 

Meter
Shakespeare is particularly well-known for his use of Iambic Pentameter in his plays. This meter has several uses when it comes to analyzing his work. Noble characters tend to speak in iambic pentameter, whereas common or comic characters speak without form, which contributes to characterization. Syntax has to be reorganized to accommodate the meter, and Shakespeare tends to use this to advantage in order to emphasize certain elements of a statement, such as a theme or conflict. 

Figurative Language
Shakespeare enjoys integrating analogy, symbolism, allusion, and imagery into his writing. Some or all of these might be present in your passage. Each of these has its own literal meaning but then a subtler, inferred meaning that the audience can discover, which adds to the development of the plot, characters, conflicts, and themes. 

Think about what you ate for lunch yesterday (egg salad sandwich with onions). All of the energy that your body ingested came from plants, either...

Egg salad sandwich with onions has egg, onions and spices/seasonings/dressing, etc., as its ingredients. All these materials originate from plants and animals (which utilizes plant products as their food). Thus, all these ingredients of the food are plant products. Plants (containing chlorophyll) uses the process of photosynthesis to convert solar energy into food, according to the following chemical reaction:

`6 CO_2 + 6 H_2O + sunlight -> C_6H_12O_6 + 6 O_2`

In this process, plants use carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight and generate glucose and oxygen. The glucose molecules are then used for energy production (by cellular respiration) and plant growth. We consume plant products directly or utilize animal products, which were obtained as a result of consumption of plants. For example, bread is made from flour, which is prepared from wheat or some other cereals. Onions are obtained directly from onion plant. Eggs are obtained from chicken, which consume plant products as food. Thus, the food mentioned here is obtained from plants. 

Hope this helps. 

How did the earth come to be?

While some of the details about how the earth came to be remain a mystery, scientists have learned much from studying old rock materials and observing natural phenomena in space. The earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago when bits of rocks and dust floating in space began to clump together due to their gravitational pull. At this time, many of the other planets in our solar system were beginning to form from the same cloud of gas and particulates. In fact, the sun was formed from the gases in this cloud. 

As the bits of rock and dust began to clump together, they amassed into bigger forms like asteroids, repeatedly slammed into each other by gravity. These large rock masses drew even more particulate in-- think of how meteorites are drawn in by our planet's gravitational pull. The collisions caused extreme volcanism, so the surface of our planet was molten rock for a long time. Eventually, the planet began to cool and the crust was formed. With a cooled crust, hydrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere were able to form into liquid water, creating the oceans on our planet's surface.

The same geological and cosmological processes which formed our planet are still at work today, as meteorites continue to fall to the earth and volcanoes are constantly spilling out fresh lava. You could say our planet is still being made!

Can you help solve this statistic questions? thanks very much！！

The confidence interval can be calculated by using the following formula:

`hatp+- z'(sqrt((hatp(1-hatp))/n))`

where, `hatp`  is proportion of sample, n is sample size and z' is a multiplier whose value is dependent on the confidence interval. For 95% confidence interval, z can be taken as 1.96.

1) 255 students out of 458 were reportedly working.

thus, n = 458

proportion of sample, `hatp`  = 255/458 = 0.557

using the equation stated above, the 95% confidence interval is:

`0.557 +- 1.96(sqrt((0.557(1-0.557))/458)) = 0.557 +- 0.046`

The 95% confidence interval can also be stated as [0.511,0.603]. or, we can say with 95% confidence that the proportion of the students working while studying at the start of semester I of 2014 at UC was between 0.511 and 0.603. 

2) Similarly, we can solve for the 95% confidence interval of students working at the start of semester II as,

n = 490, proportion of sample, `hatp`  = 250/490 = 0.510

and the 95% confidence interval is:

`0.510 +- 1.96(sqrt((0.510(1-0.510))/490)) = 0.510 +- 0.044`

The 95% confidence interval can also be stated as [0.466,0.554] or we can say with 95% confidence that the proportion of students who were working while studying at the start of second semester was between 0.466 and 0.554.

3) Since the 95% confidence intervals overlap for the two cases, we cannot make the suggestion that the proportion of students who were working while studying was higher at the start of semester I as compared to semester II. 

Hope this helps.