How is Lennie described using animal imagery? What do these quotes suggest about Lennie?

In chapter one of Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, the author describes Lennie with animal imagery. He does so to suggest that Lennie is not only simple-minded like an animal but also has the strength of certain animals. In the second paragraph of the novel, Lennie is physically described:

Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes, and wide, sloping shoulders; and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws. 

Lennie is heavy and slow, not only physically but mentally. He is also powerfully strong and, as George says, "a hell of a good worker." In the third paragraph he is compared to a horse:

His huge companion dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool; drank with long gulps, snorting into the water like a horse.

The horse comparison comes up later in the book when, in chapter five, the horses in the barn are described. Like Lennie, they are chained. Lennie is figuratively chained to repeating his mistakes over and over, just as the horses are chained to the slats in the barn and have no freedom.

A little later in chapter one, Lennie is also compared to a dog. Like a dog he is usually obedient to whatever George wants:

Slowly, like a terrier who doesn’t want to bring a ball to its master, Lennie approached, drew back, approached again. George snapped his fingers sharply, and at the sound Lennie laid the mouse in his hand.

He's not able to do anything himself, but with George's guidance he is able to get along without incident. It is when he is alone that he often gets in trouble, as in chapter five when he is alone with Curley's wife. When presented with a situation which might throw him into a panic he reverts to his animal urges, and when Curley's wife struggles he shakes her, breaking her neck.

What are some examples of foreshadowing in chapter 4 of the book Night by Elie Wiesel?

In the fourth chapter of the book Night by Elie Wiesel, readers can find examples of foreshadowing. When Eliezer and his father first arrive at Buna and are waiting to find out which unit/camp they will be assigned to, an aide to their tent leader approaches Eliezer. He wants his shoes in exchange for help getting "into a good Kommando" and being able to stay with his father (Wiesel, 48). Eliezer does not want to give up his shoes, however. The aide offers to also give Eliezer an extra ration of bread with margarine, but still he refuses. Later, Eliezer is forced to give up his shoes to someone else and given nothing in return. This foreshadows what happens later in the chapter when Franek wants Eliezer's gold tooth. Eliezer is hoping to keep his tooth so that he can trade it if necessary for extra food or to save his and his father's lives. In the end, Franek tortures Eliezer's father until he agrees to give the tooth. This time, Eliezer even has to give up some of his food on top of losing the tooth.

Another example of foreshadowing occurs when Eliezer's father is being tortured by Franek. Wiesel writes, "Unfortunately, Franek knew how to handle this; he knew my weak spot" (55). His weakness was his father and would continue to be his father throughout the events of the story. Just before the camp is liberated, Eliezer's father becomes deathly ill and eventually dies. When his father, his weakness, is finally gone, Eliezer feels a sense of freedom. Wiesel writes, "...if I could have searched the recesses of my feeble conscience, I might have found something like: free at last!" to explain his reaction to his father's death (112).

A third example of foreshadowing can be found when Eliezer describes his encounter with the young Frenchwoman he works beside in the factory. She comforts him after a brutal beating by Idek, revealing she speaks German, where before Eliezer assumed they could not communicate. She says to him, "Bite your lips, little brother...Don't cry. Keep your anger, your hate, for another day, for later. The day will come, but not now...Wait. Clench your teeth and wait" (53). This foreshadows that liberation will come and that Eliezer will survive.

A piston-cylinder device contains 0.46 kg of steam at 300 degrees Celsius and 2.5 MPa. Steam is cooled at constant pressure until one-half of the...

We can use steam tables to solve this problem.

a) When half of the mass has condensed, the system contains saturated vapor-water mix. Thus, the final temperature is the same as the saturation pressure at the final pressure. This, we can find from the steam table A-5, for a pressure of 2.5 MPa (= 2500 kPa).

The temperature at this pressure = 223.95 degree Celsius.

b) Specific volume at the initial stage, T = 300 degree Celsius and P = 2.5 Mpa = 2500 kPa can be obtained from table A-6.

Sp vol. = 0.09894 m^3/kg

At the final stage, P = 2.5 MPa = 2500 kPa, x = 0.5

v2 = vf + x2 vg = 0.001197 + 0.5 (0.079952 - 0.001197)

= 0.0405745 m^3/kg

The change in volume = m (v2- v1) = 0.46 (0.0405745 - 0.09894)

= -0.02685 m^3.

Hope this helps. 

How does the Law of Conservation of Mass apply to a burning candle?

The Law of Conservation of Mass tells us that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Atoms can be rearranged to form new compounds, but the total mass of the system remains constant.

A burning candle is an example of matter undergoing a chemical reaction and being changed into new substances. The Law of Conservation of Mass applies as the total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.

Candle wax is a hydrocarbon that undergoes combustion. There are various components of the wax that have the general formula `C_(n)H_(2n+2)` .

Here's the equation for combustion of the wax having the formula C31H64:

`C_31H_64 + 47O_2 -> 31CO_2 + 32H_2O`

The number of each type of atom is the same on both sides of the equation, so the sum of the masses of the the wax and oxygen consumed equals the sum of the masses of the carbon dioxide and water vapor formed. Any soot formed from incomplete combustion or wax residue is also accounted for in the final mass of the products equaling the initial mass of the reactants.

The water is generated as vapor, so both products of combustion are colorless gases. This is why it might seem like the candle is disappearing as it melts, when in fact the liquid wax is being drawn up into the wick, vaporized by the heat and burned. 

In the story "The Minister's Black Veil," 1. Why do others react the way they do? What does their reaction reveal about their inner character? 2....

1. Superficially, members of Mr. Hooper's congregation react the way they do because it is just plain weird to them that their minister, without explanation or warning, simply walks out of his house one day wearing a black veil that covers his face. "[It] seemed to consist of two folds of crape, which entirely concealed his features." It can be extremely off-putting to speak to someone when one cannot see that person's eyes, but to come face-to-face with one who wishes to conceal his entire face so that an observer cannot see any part of it would feel even stranger. If the eyes are the windows to the soul, then obscuring the eyes seems to indicate that the person has something to hide, and this revelation also makes people feel very uncomfortable. One old woman says, "'He has changed himself into something awful, only by hiding his face.'"

In terms of how their reaction reveals their inner character, the subject of Mr. Hooper's sermon that day is particularly illuminating. Its

subject had reference to secret sin, and those sad mysteries which we hide from our nearest and dearest, and would fain conceal from our own consciousness, even forgetting that the Omniscient can detect them.  [....] [They] felt as if the preacher had crept upon them, behind his awful veil, and discovered their hoarded iniquity of deed or thought.

And this feeling compels them to stop asking him to dinner, to stop conversing with him in the street. They know that he knows that they have secret sins on their souls, sins that they successfully hide from everyone else but cannot hide -- at least not totally -- from him.

2. The veil absolutely isolates him.  If the thing we fear most is the public revelation of our secret sinful natures, then people would automatically shy away from the person they believe could reveal it. However, it does make him a better minister.  

By the aid of his mysterious emblem -- for there was no other apparent cause -- he became a man of awful power over souls that were in agony for sin. His converts always regarded him with a dread peculiar to themselves, affirming, though by figuratively, that, before he brought them to celestial light, they had been with him behind the black veil. Its gloom, indeed, enabled him to sympathize with all dark affections.

The consciousness that their minister fully understands them because he is like them, for converts who may have led sinful lives, means that they feel a great deal more comfortable with his knowledge of their sins. Because his wearing of the veil is an admission of his own guilt, theirs might seem lessened by comparison. This allows him to be more effective in his job. For others who are not comforted by the knowledge that he is aware of their secret sin, he is, at least, a more compelling figure for his own admission.

3. This story would not fall into the category of Dark Romanticism. Stories that are categorized in this way often present supernatural creatures (i.e. vampires, werewolves, etc.) as illustrative of the dark side of human nature. Further, there is nothing irrational or insane about Mr. Hooper's behavior, so it could not qualify on that front either. Just as Romanticism is more concerned with our capacity for goodness, Dark Romanticism is more concerned with our capacity for evil. This story doesn't shed light on humanity as evil, per se, but just seriously misguided (and perhaps somewhat tortured by our error).

What is the first reaction of those in the Rainbow Inn when they see Silas in the doorway in Silas Marner?

The first reaction is shock. From the very start of the novel, we are told that Silas never ventured into the Rainbow despite it being the town's public house. 

..he never strolled into the village to drink a pint at the Rainbow or to gossip at the wheelwright's; he sought no man or woman, save for the purposes of his calling, or in order to supply himself with necessaries..

Therefore the fact that Silas, of all people, shows up in a place where he has not set foot in the 15 years that he has been at Raveloe, is a big deal. The townspeople literally feel that they are staring at a ghost, and not at Silas. That is the degree of shock that they actually feel. 

This all happens in chapter 7, after Silas discovers the theft of his gold. In complete desperation Silas steps out of his cottage and ends up in the Rainbow, looking for Squire Cass and other people, to look into the theft. Being that Silas is, literally, about to have a breakdown, we get a clear description of what exactly takes place in the inn as Silas shows up in the doorway:

...the pale, thin figure of Silas Marner was suddenly seen standing in the warm light, uttering no word, but looking round at the company with his strange, unearthly eyes..

Just imagine this for a moment. Silas, who is already notorious for his big eyes, his exotic looks, and his strange personality, is just standing there looking quite distressed at the faces of the pub's frequent visitors. It is no wonder they felt it was some ethereal version of Silas that was at the door, and not the enigmatic weaver himself.

...every man present, not excepting even the skeptical farrier, had an impression that he saw, not Silas Marner in the flesh, but an apparition...

There is an awkward silence that follows for a few moments, as the shock is still fresh in those who are witnessing Silas. 

However, the landlord comes over and welcomes Silas in, clearly noticing that Silas is not well at all. When Silas requests that "the Justice—and Squire Cass—and Mr. Crackenthorp" are summoned, the landlord can tell that Silas is out of his mind. He asks Jem Rodney to calm Silas down but, in the end, the Rainbow guests simply have Silas sit down to tell them what happened. As they slowly start warming up to Silas, due to the genuine state of alarm that he showed, the feeling still remained:

The reality of ghosts remained still an open question

The people still felt uneasy and still wondered whether that was really Silas inside the Rainbow Inn.

When did the Cold War begin? Who was in the Cold War? When did the Cold War end?

We generally request that you ask only one question in each post.  However, since these three questions are so closely related and their answers are relatively short, I will answer all three.

The Cold War was a conflict between communist countries and countries that were not communist.  The United States was the most important non-communist country while the Soviet Union was the most important communist country.  Other countries were involved to a degree, but the US and the USSR were the most important countries.

There are no official beginning and ending dates for the Cold War since it was not a regular war.  Instead, it was just a general conflict or competition between the two blocs of countries.  However, we can say that the Cold War began in 1945, right after WWII ended.  (Some historians say it began in 1947.)  We can say that it ended in 1991 when the Soviet Union broke apart.