If RBC's are lacking mitochondria then from where do they get ATP's to generate energy

Red blood cells differ in many ways from other cell types in the body. One of the major differences is that they do not contain mitochondria, a critical organelle that typically is responsible for generating the majority of cellular ATP, in animal cells, through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. Because of this, red blood cells generate ATP through an anaerobic process known as glycolysis. This multistep process starts when red blood cells take up glucose, through facilitated transport. Following this uptake, the cell starts a very detailed and intricate multi-step process via the investment of two ATP molecules, to eventually generate 4 total ATP molecules, leading to a net gain of 2 ATP molecules for each glucose used.

This method is actually very inefficient for generating energy, as mitochondria are able to generate up to 34 additional ATP from one glucose molecule following glycolysis in typical cells. However, by generating ATP in this way, red blood cells are able to carry out their primary function of carrying and delivering oxygen throughout the body without using it for energy generation, allowing them to function much more efficiently. Hope this helps!

What is the background of the poem "Dulce et Decorum Est"?

Wilfred Owen's "Dulce Et Decorum Est" is a key work in the pantheon of poems written during World War I which center on the grim realities of the Great War. This background information is fairly obvious, especially when one considers the violent imagery and plain, honest illustration of life on a battlefield. What may be less obvious, however, is the fact that by the end of the poem, Owen is directly appealing to famed propaganda artists at the time who glorify the experience of the war. Owen is disgusted with these artists' grotesque naivety and their intentional misleading of England's youth. Indeed, the violent and horrific imagery at the onset of the poem reinforces the final lines in which he appeals to jingoistic poets: "My friend, you would not tell with such high zest/ To children ardent for some desperate glory,/ The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est/ Pro patria mori." Owen skewers these poets, and chastises them for telling the "old Lie."

I pulled my textual support from The Bloodaxe Book of 20th Century Poetry edited by Edna Longley. 

What are three reasons that support Jimmy Valentine getting arrested?

In the opening part of the story, Jimmy Valentine receives a pardon from the governor and is released from state prison. He has now paid for the "Springfield job" which got him a four-sentence, and he is in the clear. But it is of great importance to the story that O. Henry describes how Jimmy immediately goes back to work with his suitcase full of custom-designed safecracking tools.

A week after the release of Valentine, 9762, there was a neat job of safe-burglary done in Richmond, Indiana, with no clue to the author. A scant eight hundred dollars was all that was secured. Two weeks after that a patented, improved, burglar-proof safe in Logansport was opened like a cheese to the tune of fifteen hundred dollars, currency; securities and silver untouched. That began to interest the rogue-catchers. Then an old-fashioned bank-safe in Jefferson City became active and threw out of its crater an eruption of bank-notes amounting to five thousand dollars. The losses were now high enough to bring the matter up into Ben Price's class of work. By comparing notes, a remarkable similarity in the methods of the burglaries was noticed. Ben Price investigated the scenes of the robberies, and was heard to remark:

“That's Dandy Jim Valentine's autograph. He's resumed business. Look at that combination knob—jerked out as easy as pulling up a radish in wet weather. He's got the only clamps that can do it. And look how clean those tumblers were punched out! Jimmy never has to drill but one hole. Yes, I guess I want Mr. Valentine. He'll do his bit next time without any short-time or clemency foolishness.”

Nothing further is said about these crimes, but this elaborate description is intended to explain, and perhaps foreshadow, how Ben Price happens to be in the bank in Elmore, Arkansas when Jimmy, who now calls himself Ralph Spencer, opens the supposedly burglar-proof vault and saves the life of the little girl trapped inside. The three bank jobs Jimmy pulled after his release from prison are going to come back to haunt him. He has fallen in love and become a respected citizen and prosperous honest businessman. He is planning to get married within a very short time. Then retribution in the form of Ben Price appears on the scene to destroy all of Jimmy's hopes, dreams, and accomplishments. The message of this story is that it is extremely hard to reform after a person has traveled too far down the wrong road. Jimmy is ready to accept this truth when he approaches Price expecting to be arrested and convicted for three safecracking jobs.

Three reasons that explain why Jimmy is on the brink of getting arrested might be just the three safecracking jobs he pulled after his release from prison. But yet another reason is that Jimmy has gotten too famous as the smartest and most talented safecracker in the business. Ben Price identifies the culprit in all three bank jobs just by their professionalism. Only Dandy Jimmy Valentine could have perpetrated them. Another reason is that Jimmy is building up a prison record. It is easier for him to get arrested and harder for him to get released. O. Henry specifies early in the story that Jimmy has been serving ten months in prison when he expected to get released after serving only four. One of his underworld connections tells him:

“Sorry we couldn't make it sooner, Jimmy, me boy,” said Mike. “But we had that protest from Springfield to buck against, and the governor nearly balked." 

Jimmy moves to Elmore, Arkansas because he is getting too notorious in his old area of operations, which is around the state of Indiana and general vicinity. Moving to that little town changes his whole life, because he falls in love at first sight with Annabel Adams and becomes "a new man." But it isn't the new man but the old man who is in danger of getting sent to prison for a long stretch. It is hard to change. Just changing your name doesn't change your identity, and it doesn't erase your past.

What were the goals in the beginning of the Civil War for each side?

When the Civil War began, both the North and the South has goals for the war. Those goals weren’t identical. The North has several goals in the Civil War. These goals included conquering the South and then bringing the South back into the Union. Another goal was to end slavery. Ending slavery became more important as the war was being fought. The North hoped to accomplish these goals by doing several things. The North wanted to control the South’s economy. Blockading the southern coast and controlling the Mississippi River would be ways to accomplish these goals. The North also wanted to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond.

The South had several objectives in the Civil War. The South wanted to stay independent, avoid invading the North, and use cotton to help encourage European countries to help the South. The South hoped to accomplish these goals by avoiding large battles. The South believed the longer the war lasted the less support there would be for the war in the North. Thus, if the South could force the North to chase them throughout the South, this would drag out the war. The South also believed if it refused to export cotton to Europe, the Europeans would help the South because they would want to buy cotton from the South. The South would sell cotton to European countries only if they supported the South.

Each side had different goals in the Civil War. Each side also had different strategies for accomplishing these goals.

In The Bronze Bow, why does Daniel become angry when Leah asks what will happen to her when he marries?

When Daniel was living on the mountain with Rosh, he had one concern only in his life, and that was to defeat the Romans. However, when he moves back to the village, and as he gets to know Joel and Thacia better, he has more contact with those who live normal lives and have normal relationships. His feelings for Thacia are just beginning to awaken. Now that he must care for his sister, his family responsibilities are distracting him from his single objective of overthrowing Roman rule. Just prior to this scene where Leah asks this question, Daniel has gone into a shop to purchase cloth for Leah, and the shop owner assumes he is married. He becomes embarrassed at the idea. Now Leah brings it up again. Daniel doesn't quite know where the anger is coming from--it is like a wound has been opened. He doesn't know whether he is angry at Leah or himself. In fact, this is another facet of his anger towards Rome. Daniel realizes that he cannot marry, first because it would interfere with his only purpose in life, and second because his family and financial situation make him unattractive to the woman he is becoming interested in, namely Thacia. In another world, if his father and mother had not died, his station in life might have been good enough for him to be considered as a match for Thacia. But in his mind, not only have the Romans ruined his past and present, they have also stolen his future. He believes he will never marry. The fact that this question makes him angry indicates that for the first time he is taking an interest in having a normal life and a wife. Of course, his feelings for Thacia, which he does not even recognize yet, have a lot to do with that.

Summarize the contents of the lawyer's letter in "The Bet" by Anton Chekhov

Near the end of "The Bet" by Anton Chekhov, the lawyer writes a letter to the banker. In it he says that he will leave his cell five minutes before their agreed upon time is up and therefore forfeit the two million dollars the banker has agreed to give him if he stays for a full fifteen years. The lawyer says that money is meaningless, and he no longer wants it. He has learned a lot from the books he has read during the time he has spent incarcerated, and he knows he is smarter than everyone now. He goes on to write that he has come to hate books and everything about humanity. He chastises the banker for his pride and reminds him that death will take him and everyone else, so all that pride, beauty and every other human trait are useless. He says that what he once desired he now despises. The lawyer sees the folly of human beings, and he wants nothing to do with them anymore. 

Based on the first chapter on Long Walk To Freedom, what did you like about it?

One appealing aspect of the first chapter in Mandela's autobiography is the way he shows how the systemic condition of racism impacts father and son.

The first chapter shows the extent of racism in South Africa.  It delves into the life of Mandela's father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa.   Gadla is a proud man whose dignity collided with the reality carved out for Africans in an imperialistic society.  When he defies the magistrate's orders, he pays the price.  Mandela writes that his father loses "his fortune and his title. He was deprived of most of his herd and land, and the revenue that came with them." Mandela's father suffered for defying unfairness, and showed the impact of racism.  The price that Mandela's father paid for challenging white authority shows how the painful effects of racism was something passed down from father to son.  Mandela's father almost gives it to his son as a sad inheritance, showing how generations had to cope with the reality of discrimination and prejudice.

However, I liked how Mandela provided a unique contrast to this.  The chapter's opening lines details how Mandela's name means "troublemaker."  I liked how Mandela used this fact to open a chapter on the pain of discrimination and institutional unfairness.  Whereas Mandela's father was ruined by it, Mandela's name can be seen as one that will bring "trouble" to it. What caused damage to his father is going to be undone by his son.  I thought that this contrast between the meaning of Mandela's name and the system he will eventually challenge was a powerful element in the first chapter.