Numerous biochemical processes create by-products which must be removed from the body. The kidneys filter these by-products from the blood through the production of urine. Normal urine is 91-96% water, plus a variety of compounds and ions, including urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium and creatine. Various proteins and hormones may also be present.
A chemical is a substance which can be represented by a chemical formula. Chemical components of urine are thus urea (CH4N2O), creatine (C4H9N3O2), creatinine (C4H7N3O) and ammonia (NH4). Glucose (C6H12O6) may also be present in urine. Although, high levels of urine glucose may be indicative of diabetes or pre-diabetes.
In cases of disease, other non-chemical substances that might be present in urine include red or white blood cells and bacteria.
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