The government in 1984 demands that no tension exists between inward and outward conformity. The state insists not only on outward obedience to its laws and dictates but that its citizens' minds also be entirely obedient to what the state says is Truth. This is why it is so important for O'Brien to be sure Winston is not simply saying two and two equals five, but actually believing it. In this world, thought crimes are far more dangerous than physical crimes.
The central conflict of the novel arises from Winston's desire to think for himself. He practices outward obedience but inwardly rebels. When this rebellion finally overflows into outward rebellion--buying a journal, writing in it "Down with Big Brother," and having an affair with Julia--Winston has already committed the essential crime, the worst crime of all--thinking independently. That is what must be eradicated. But by eradicating independent thought, the state eradicates humanity.
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