What is Farquhar's motivation? Why did he do what he did?

Because he was an "original secessionist," which means he sided with the South at the beginning of the conflict between North and South during the Civil War, he is also described as "ardently devoted to the Southern cause," meaning he is passionate about all things Southern.  However, the story vaguely says that he cannot serve in the war as a soldier ("Circumstances of an imperious nature, which it is unnecessary to relate here, had prevented him from taking service with the gallant army..."). But, Farquhar "did what he could. No service was too humble for him."  Thus, when a man dressed as a Confederate soldier tells Farquhar about the advance of the Union army to the Owl Creek Bridge, and how there is plenty of kindling under the bridge that could be lit and burn down the bridge, Farquhar jumps at the chance to help the Southern cause in any way he can.  

What did Senator Pittman believe was the reason for Republican opposition to joining the League?

Key Pittman was a senator from the state of Nevada that served as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and president pro tempore. Pittman was a staunch supporter of the League of Nations and Woodrow Wilson. The question you ask is about a Senate speech that Pittman gave in November of 1919. It would be very difficult to answer this question without understanding some background on the political players of the day.

The president, Woodrow Wilson, was a second term democratic president and was not in very good health, having suffered a stroke. The League of Nations was the hallmark of his Fourteen Points and, in fact, the only part of his legacy that was included in the Treaty of Versailles. The Republicans controlled both houses of Congress and were led by Wilson's chief political rival Henry Cabot Lodge. Lodge did not want the United States in the League of Nations because he thought it would compromise America's ability to make decisions unilaterally. Wilson was not at all interested in compromising on any parts of the Treaty and insisted the Congress ratify it unconditionally.

Pittman insinuates in his address to Congress that the Republicans are using the issue for political gain. The implication is that they are being deceitful to the American people and playing on their fear of being involved in further global conflicts. In doing so, they help their own political interest to take the White House in the 1920 election and maintain power in both houses of Congress.

What is the difference between The Lady Sings The Blues book and the play Lady Day at Emerson Bar and Grill?

Both the book, The Lady Sings The Blues, and the play, Lady Day At Emerson Bar and Grill, tell the story of Billie Holiday (1915-1959), an American jazz singer and song-writer.

The difference between the two is that the book is an autobiography of Holiday's life, while the play centers on an actress (acting as Holiday) singing tunes which tell of the most pertinent experiences of Holiday's life.

You can read a biography of Billie Holiday at the PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) website here.

As for Holiday's autobiography, some contend that the book consists of factual inaccuracies. However, many critics admit that the book highlights the authenticity of Holiday's unique voice as she tells the story of her colorful life. From the pages of The Lady Sings The Blues, Holiday speaks poignantly about abusive relationships, heroin addiction, the Jim Crow laws and racism, incarceration, alcoholism, and teenage prostitution. Holiday's autobiography was released simultaneously with her album of the same name, in 1956. The 1972 film of Holiday, starring Diana Ross as Holiday, and Billy Dee Williams as her husband, Louis McKay, was loosely based on Holiday's autobiography.

You can read a review of Billie Holiday's book here.

As for the play, Lady Day at Emerson Bar and Grill, the most famous Broadway performance of Billie Holiday's story is the one in which the inimitable Audra McDonald stars as Holiday. McDonald's performance won her critical acclaim and many awards. In between famous tunes like What a Little Moonlight Can Do and T'aint Nobody's Business If I Do, McDonald, as Holiday, recounts tales of love lost and of supreme heartache.

You can see the Broadway website describing Audra McDonald's performance here. The last Broadway performance of Lady Day at Emerson Bar and Grill was in 2014.

A critique of the play by the New York Times can be read here.

In Life of Pi, what are some reasons that prove that humans are the most dangerous animals?

When Pi first introduces the belief that man is the most dangerous among all animals, he discusses what zoos around the world have to deal with when visitors interact with the animals. Humans are not only disrespectful to a zoo's animals, but they can be deadly. For example, in chapter 8, Pi lists many things that visitors have done to innocent zoo animals throughout the years. Part of that list is as follows:

". . . we have in mind people who feed fishhooks to the otters, razors to the bears, apples with small nails in them to the elephants and hardware variations on the theme: ballpoint pens, paper clips, safety pins, rubber bands, combs, coffee spoons . . . " (29).

The list goes on after that, too. Then he lists all the types of animals who have died because of such cruelty.

The worst that humans become, though, is demonstrated when they act like wild animals for survival's sake. It's as if all rules of human decency fly out the window when people face imminent death. The cook is the worst example of a dangerous animal because he cuts off the leg of the sailor without flinching. Also, humans can lie to achieve their wicked goals, which is exactly what the cook does to get Pi and his mother to help him amputate the leg:

"It was the cook's idea. He was a brute. He dominated us . . . I can still hear his evil whisper. He would do the job to save the sailor's life, he said, but we would have to hold him" (304-305).

The evil whisper shows the character of the cook. When Pi and his mother discover that the amputation was for fish bait, rather than to save the sailor's life, they are heartbroken because of such betrayal and evil.

One more example of how humans are the most dangerous animals is when they become cannibals. Other than a hyena, who accidentally eats parts of another hyena during a hunt, not many animals eat their own kind. The cook not only dissects the sailor and eats his flesh, but he also kills Pi's mother and feeds her to the fish. Curiously, though, after the cook kills Pi's mother, his mouth is bloody after throwing her body overboard (311). The cook, therefore, is the epitome of how humans can be the most dangerous animals in the world.

What do George and Lennie have that other working men do not have?

This story is set during the Great Depression (1929-39). It was difficult to find and secure work, so men had to travel or do what they could to get jobs. George and Lennie are migrant workers. This was typical of ranch workers as many of them would have to move to other areas to find jobs. More than often, such workers would usually travel alone. Going alone and having no relationship or familial restrictions and obligations made it easier to move about. There was nothing to tie a man down. It was a lonely life. 

George occasionally complains that Lennie holds him back for these reasons. Going alone, George would be lonely but he would be freer to move to different places. But the friendship they have is what sets them apart from other workers. This outweighs the freedom that George would have on his own.

Lennie delights in hearing about the dream of their own farm but also in hearing about the bond of their friendship. He repeatedly asks George to tell him about these things. Of the friendship and how this makes them different from everyone else, George says: 

Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no fambly. The don't belong no place. They come to a ranch an' work up a stake and then they go into town and blow their stake . . . 

George adds that such lonely men having nothing to look forward to. Lennie prods George to go on. George says that he and Lennie are different because they have each other to talk to. Therefore, they don't have to waste all of their money (stake) at a bar with no place to go. Their friendship bonds them together and they use this bond to keep dreaming about the farm. This also sets them apart from the other workers. They have (a dream of) a future. 

What are the lower fixed point and upper fixed point in the Fahrenheit scale?

Fahrenheit scale is one of the three commonly used temperature scales (other two being Celsius and Kelvin scales). This was developed by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a German physicist. This scale was based on three fixed points. The lower fixed point of 32 degrees corresponded to freezing of water. The upper fixed point of 212 degrees corresponded to boiling of water. The third fixed point of 96 degrees corresponded to human body temperature (which was later corrected to 98.6 degrees, the value we use today). Fahrenheit scale is not as commonly used in today's world, as the Celsius scale. There are some countries such as, United States that still use it; rest of the world uses the Celsius scale. We can easily convert between the two scale using the formula:

C = 5/9  (F-32),

where C and F are temperatures in Celsius and Fahrenheit.

hope this helps. 

In Oedipus Tyrannus, should we view Oedipus as tragic only, or can we find something heroic in his actions and end?

The answer to this really depends on your working definition of "tragedy" and of "hero". Since Oedipus Tyrannos was written in ancient Greece, it makes sense to use the Aristotelian definition of tragedy and the Homeric model of the hero.

The Homeric hero is a typical figure of oral-traditional epos. Most Homeric heroes are flat and static. In other words, they have a few striking characteristics -- Nestor is wise, Odysseus clever, and Achilles strong -- but they do not have fully developed three-dimensional characters. Even though they undergo many conflicts and adventures, they rarely (with limited exceptions) display self-awareness or evolve over time as characters. One can certainly argue that Oedipus conforms to this in that his horrifying recognition of his identity is not a matter of internal psychological self-knowledge but rather simply correct apprehension of external circumstances. The unhappy ending of the play does not negate the notion of an heroic type of character; Hector was certainly a noble and heroic character in the Iliad, and yet he died and his corpse was desecrated. 

Greek tragedy is continuous with Homeric epic in the sense that most tragedies are set chronologically in the period just after the Trojan war and contain characters from the heroic age. Like heroic characters, the protagonists of tragedy are noble, and the actions in which they engage are of "a certain magnitude". Oedipus is the king of Thebes and his acts, like those of the Greek leaders during the Trojan war, have a significant impact on the lives of everyone around him. Where he differs from the traditional heroic mold is having an essential character flaw that contributes to his downfall. In other words, one could say that Oedipus, like most tragic protagonists, is a flawed hero. 

Who are the characters in chapter 6 of the book Lyddie?

The characters are Lyddie, Ezekial, Mrs. Cutler, and Triphena.

Lyddie is the main character in the book.  Lydia Worthen is a young woman who works at a pub called Cutler’s Tavern to pay off debts incurred by her family farm.

When visiting her family farm on a break from the tavern, Lyddie sees a runaway slave named Ezekial.  At first she is afraid of him because he is a strange man in her house.  He is the one who thinks that Lyddie is breaking in.  When he learns who she is, he explains that her neighbor Stevens is allowing him to stay there.  He tells her that he thinks she will be understanding.

"I hope he was not mistaken."  He smiled apologetically. "Here, do come down from there and share a cup of tea with me. You've had a long journey, I'd imagine, and a rude shock, finding your home occupied by a stranger." (Ch. 6)

Ezekial, the fugitive slave, is self-taught and likes to quote the Bible.  He is very kind to Lyddie.  She is so impressed by him that she lends him the money that she had from selling the calf.  It is all the money she has.

Lyddie and Ezekial have an interesting conversation where Lyddie compares her situation to his.

"I couldn't leave my home," she said.

"No? And yet you did."

"I had no choice," she said hotly. "I was made to."

"So many slaves," he said softly.

"I ain't a slave," she said. "I just‐I just‐‐" (Ch. 6)

This is a manta that continues to go through Lyddie’s head as she works at the factory later.  She does not want to think of herself as a slave, even though she often has little control over how much work she has to do.

When Lyddie returns to the tavern, the cruel and strict tavern owner Mistress Cutler immediately dismisses her for being away from her post.  Lyddie feels this is unfair, because she did not know that she couldn’t leave while the boss was away. 

Triphena, the cook and Lyddie’s friend, comments that Lyddie is the best she has ever had.  Lyddie tells Triphena that she is going to go be a factory worker.  Triphena lends Lyddie some money since she gave away all of hers.

Why does Marius leave the home of his grandfather and refuse money from him?

When Marius was a baby, his grandfather, Monsieur Gillenormand, demanded the child from George Pontmercy, his own son-in-law, under threat of disinheriting the child. Gillenormand, whose daughter died in childbirth, had no use for the "blockhead" (162) or his differing political opinions. Of course, Marius grows up not knowing this particular situation and feeling as if his father is somehow undesirable.

As an adult, Marius learns that his father had been coming to mass just to catch a glimpse of his son and that he had "sacrificed himself that his son might someday be rich and happy" (168). When Marius learns his father had earned the title of Baron and that he, himself, had inherited it, Gillenormand becomes extremely angry, arguing that Marius' father was a "bandit" (178) and a "traitor." Though his title came with no money, Marius, out of anger and indignation at the lies he endured and the lost time with his own father, leaves his grandfather's home, refusing to take any financial help.

Edition used:

Hugo, Victor. Les Miserables. Trans. Charles Wilbour. New York: Fawcett, 1961.

What were the results of the Sieges of Antioch and Jerusalem?

The Sieges of Antioch and Jerusalem occurred during the First Crusade to reclaim the Holy Land. The crusaders first lay siege to Antioch, which lay north of Palestine and was an important city due to its central location between Europe and the Holy Land. The siege lasted from October 1097 to June 1098, when the Muslims surrendered. Many crusaders died during the siege, but they successfully gained control of the strategic location.

The Siege of Jerusalem took place from June-July 1099. On July 14, the crusaders successfully breached the walls and began to pour into the city, where they brutally slaughtered many of its Muslim inhabitants. With Jerusalem now under Christian control, the crusaders considered their expedition a success. They organized the city into the First Kingdom of Jerusalem, which became one of the first "crusader states." The Kingdom of Jerusalem lasted until 1187, when it was conquered by Saladin and his Muslim army.

What would be a good thesis statement for a critical essay on Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour" if I'm writing a character analysis on Mrs....

You might consider making the claim that Mrs. Mallard is a character with whom Chopin wants readers to sympathize, despite the fact that she seems to rejoice when she learns that her loving husband has died.

It seems, on the surface, that Mrs. Mallard's apparent joy is, indeed, monstrous, but an examination of the details that motivate her happiness helps us to understand it in context.  Published, in 1894, this story depicts marriage as it was at the time: a required institution for every young lady to enter, however much she may fear the loss of her individual identity or the repression of her own will.  Mrs. Mallard seems to be a young woman who might have chosen not to marry, had that option been a socially-acceptable one.  Once alone, she whispers the word, "'free, free, free!" as though she cannot believe that she now is.  The narrator tells us that she's thinking how

There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself.  There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.  A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.

Even though her husband had been "kind, tender," he had still been her husband, and that had given him a legal right to make any decisions for her.  The fact that he "never looked save with love upon her" does not change the fact that her will was not her own while he was living.  "What could love," she thinks, "the unsolved mystery, count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"  With his death, she is now free to be autonomous; she possesses her own self now and is possessed by no one else.  She can now recognize that this autonomy is actually the most important thing to her.

Thus, even though we might typically consider a widow's joy upon her loving husband's death a terrible thing, it becomes a great deal more understandable when we realize that his death actually grants her a new life.

Is the spring in Tuck Everlasting bad or good and why?

The spring is a bad thing because no one should have to live forever.

On balance, the spring is more dangerous than it's helpful.  When the Tucks first drank from the spring, they had no idea what it did.  They were just a thirsty family traveling through the woods that stopped for water.  Unfortunately, they soon realized that the spring granted them immortality, and that was problematic.

The biggest problem with the spring is that most people will drink from it having no idea what it does.  In this way, they do not get the choice.  It is a very grave decision to choose to live forever.  While it sounds great at first, there are serious downsides.  This is why the family kidnaps Winnie when she sees Jessie drinking from the spring.  If she had taken a drink, the choice would be made before she had enough information to make it.

May Tuck explains to Winnie the dangers of the spring.

"And we figured it'd be very bad if everyone knowed about that spring," said Mae. "We begun to see what it would mean. … That water—it stops you right where you are. If you'd had a drink of it today, you'd stay a little girl forever. You'd never grow up, not ever." (Ch. 7)

Being immortal makes the Tucks outcasts from society.  Because they cannot die, they do not age.  They can’t make friends, or marry and have children.  The friends, spouses, and kids age while they stay the same.  This means that Miles Tuck’s marriage was a disaster.  His kids soon outgrew him.

"I was married. I had two children. But, from the look of me, I was still twenty-two. My wife, she finally made up her mind I'd sold my soul to the Devil. She left me. She went away and she took the children with her." (Ch. 7)

Miles’s case is sad, but at least he had a wife and family once.  Jesse never even tried, knowing that the same thing would happen to him.  He asked Winnie to drink the water when they were the same age, but had she done so she would have been making the choice to condemn herself to the same wandering life as the Tucks.

The Man in the Yellow Suit wants to find the spring and sell it.  People who bought it would know they were making the choice to be immortal, but would likely not be aware of the ramifications.  Living forever sounds great, and most people do not see a downside.  The Tucks do, and they try to protect everyone else from the same fate.

Determine whether Interphase, early prophase, or late prophase. Discuss the stage of mitosis indicated by the abbreviated statements below: 1.) Has...

For the first part of the question, interphase is a time when cells synthesize organelles, grow, replicate the DNA and grow once more before mitotic division occurs.  At the start of  prophase, chromosomes are tightly coiled and seen as pairs of sister chromatids, joined by their centromeres. The spindle begins to form, nucleoli disappear and centrosomes move away from each other toward opposite sides of the cell by late prophase.

For the second part of the question, I have addressed each statement.

For statement 1, the nuclear envelope fragments during late prophase to prometaphase.

For statement 2, a cell plate derived from vesicles is visualized at the middle of the plant cell  by late telophase. Its purpose is to divide the cytoplasm between two daughter cells and it will become integrated into the cell wall.

For statement 3, chromatin material of the nucleus is condensed by prophase at which time it can be seen under the microscope as tightly coiled chromosomes.

For statement 4, the daughter chromosomes you refer to were called sister chromatids when they were joined but which separate once the centromeres divide during anaphase.

For statement 5, cytokinesis accelerates to completion during telophase and is rapidly occurring by late telophase resulting in the division of the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells.

I have included a chart of the cell cycle to better visualize the steps.

In the novel Of Mice and Men, how is the theme of power presented?

While the importance of friendship, the pain of loneliness and the American Dream are the prominent themes in Of Mice and Men, power could be considered a theme because examples of misuse of power are apparent in the book.

George misuses the power he has over the simple minded Lennie when he reveals to Slim that he used to play dangerous jokes on Lennie. He describes a scene on the Sacramento River:

"One day a bunch of guys was standin’ around up on the Sacramento River. I was feelin’ pretty smart. I turns to Lennie and says, ‘Jump in.’ An’ he jumps. Couldn’t swim a stroke. He damn near drowned before we could get him. An’ he was so damn nice to me for pullin’ him out. Clean forgot I told him to jump in. Well, I ain’t done nothing like that no more.”

Throughout the course of the novel, however, George's behavior toward Lennie is nothing but honorable. The mercy killing at the end is a hard but necessary moment in the two men's friendship.

The saddest example of power in the novel is that which Carlson wields over Candy in the killing of Candy's dog. Carlson continues to insist that Candy's dog is too old and no good anymore. He finally gets the approval of Slim, who, in the world of the bunkhouse, has final say. Slim's power, however, can be considered benevolent because he offers one of his puppies to Candy after passing final judgement on the old dog. Slim says,

“You can have a pup if you want to.” He seemed to shake himself free for speech. “Carl’s right, Candy. That dog ain’t no good to himself. I wisht somebody’d shoot me if I get old an’ a cripple.” 

The dog is virtually Candy's only friend and his killing, even though probably the best thing for the dog, hits Candy hard.

Another example of power is that which is held by the brutal and unstable Curley. Because he is the boss's son the other men are afraid for their jobs if Curley takes a dislike to them. After the fight between Lennie and Curley in the bunkhouse Slim is able to turn the tables on Curley and threatens to tell what happens if Curley gets George and Lennie "canned":

“I think you got your han’ caught in a machine. If you don’t tell nobody what happened, we ain’t going to. But you jus’ tell an’ try to get this guy canned and we’ll tell ever’body, an’ then will you get the laugh.” 

The black stable buck Crooks is also a victim of the power of racism and segregation, prominent in 1930's America. Because he's black Crooks rarely associates with the white workers other than during horseshoe tournaments or on special occasions. When Lennie enters his private quarters and asks why Crooks is not allowed in the white bunkhouse Crooks replies, 

“’Cause I’m black. They play cards in there, but I can’t play because I’m black. They say I stink. Well, I tell you, you all of you stink to me.” 

And later in the same chapter after Crooks shares some camaraderie with Lennie and Candy, Curley's wife reminds him of his impotence in the face of racism. After he tells her to get out of his room Curley's wife threatens him with a plain fact of life in segregated America. Merely mentioning that Crooks might have touched her or even spoken to her provocatively would get Crooks in terrible trouble. Curley's wife says,

“Listen, Nigger,” she said. “You know what I can do to you if you open your trap?” ... “Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.”

So, one could make a definite argument that power, as exemplified by the above examples, is an important theme in Of Mice and Men.

Who in Macbeth said "I am in blood, Stepp'd in so far, that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er"?

This quote is from Macbeth himself, in Act III, Scene 4. It occurs just after he has excused his guests at the dinner party after seeing the recently-murdered Banquo's ghost, and is spoken to his wife. What it means, more or less, is that Macbeth views himself at a point of no return. He has murdered both Duncan and Banquo by this point, and is concerned that Macduff did not show up for the dinner (a concern that will be vindicated by the witches later). He has "stepp'd" so deep into murder and treachery that he cannot get out of it--it is as difficult ("tedious") to turn back as to forge ahead. He plans to consult with the witches to get advice, and the passage suggests is that Macbeth will commit even more murderous deeds to maintain and consolidate his position of power. 

Why was the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II often referred to as the Cold War?

After World War II ended, the United States and the Soviet Union were involved in a Cold War. A Cold War is a period of competition and confrontation between countries. After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union didn’t fight each other directly, but instead, they were involved in a series of confrontations and competitions.

The Soviet Union wanted to spread its system of communism around the world. We wanted to prevent communism from spreading. Thus, we were often in confrontations with the Soviet Union over the spread of communism. When the Soviet Union tried to force the Allies out of West Berlin by blocking all of the land routes into the city, the Allies responded to this crisis by organizing the Berlin Airlift. The Allies flew supplies over the Soviet land blockade leading the Soviet Union to eventually end the blockade. West Berlin never became communist.

When North Korea, supported by the Soviet Union, invaded South Korea in June 1950 to try to unite Korea into a communist country, the United Nations, led by the United States organized a military force to defend South Korea. North Korea was unable to control South Korea.

The United States and the Soviet Union competed in what was known as the space race. The Soviet Union was the first country to put a satellite into space. The United States concerned that it was falling behind the Soviet Union formed NASA and put a great emphasis on math and science education. We were the first country to successfully land an astronaut on the moon in July 1969.

The United States and the Soviet Union also competed in the Middle East. The Soviet Union supported the Arab countries in the region, such as Egypt while the United States supported Israel. Israel and the Arab countries were enemies.

Even in sports, there was competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries tried to outdo each other in the Olympic games and in world competitions.

The Cold War was an appropriate name for the competitions and confrontations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II ended.

Please explain the beliefs of both the New Classical Theory and Milton Friedmans Natural Rate Hypothesis.

Milton Friedman’s Natural Rate theory was developed in response to the Phillips curve. The Phillips curve established a relationship between inflation and the rate of unemployment. The theory suggested that a rise in price inflation that is yet to be perceived by the employer would lead to an increase in the rate of employment. This is because the employer would view the increase in prices as an increase in demand, which would force the employer to procure more human resources to increase production. The curve also suggests that an increase in wages due to inflation would lead to an increase of labor supply especially when the workers do not anticipate the inflation.

The theory thus determined that monetary policies would generally control the rate of unemployment. However Friedman challenged the theory by suggesting a natural rate of unemployment that would result regardless of changes in the monetary policies. Friedman suggested that the Phillips curve only worked in the short run when the employer and worker did not perceive the inflation. He stated that in the event the employer and worker perceived the inflation, the unemployment rate would be automatically adjusted to the “natural rate”. According to Friedman, this suggests that inflation has no real impact on unemployment.

New classical theory suggests a return to market liberalization and limited interference by the government. In regards to labor markets, the new classical theory supports the establishment of free labor and product markets, where the wages and prices for commodities are set by market forces of demand and supply and not government monetary policies. This in turn supports the theory by Friedman, which states that inflation is not a reliable monetary tool in determining the rate of unemployment within an economy. Nonetheless, one of the three New classical theory approaches to emerge suggests that, while markets are able to generate economic stability between unemployment, inflation and market productivity, government should use microeconomic policy to adjust for imperfections in markets such as markets that fail to emerge or markets that are affected by imperfect knowledge.

How could World War 2 have been prevented?

One of the main reasons that is often cited as being a cause of the Second World War was the Treaty of Versailles that ended the First World War. On June 28th 1919 the Treaty of Versailles was signed, which effectively ended the five years of conflict between Germany and the Allied Powers. Since Germany was seen as one of the main aggressors in World War One and since they were on the losing side of the war as well, the Allied powers wanted to include clauses in the Treaty of Versailles that worked to punish the nation of Germany. Not only did the Allied powers view the Germans and the other central powers as responsible for the war but they also felt that the German nation and military would be able to quickly recover and wage further war if steps were not taken to prevent that outcome.

Therefore articles were included within the Treaty of Versailles that demanded heavy war reparations from particularly the nation of Germany. The result of these clauses within the Treaty was exactly as intended. Germany was cast into extreme national debt due to the fact that they had to pay these reparations and that they were not able to pay. This made it so that in the years the come the Germans were cast into a deep depression and they needed to find a way to recover. War is one of the most profitable enterprises a nation can engage in. Therefore in order to aid in the economic recovery of the nation of Germany, World War Two was started. There are many other reasons as to why the Second World War began, but one of the major reasons was the Carthaginian peace that came out of the Treaty of Versailles.

For further reading follow the link below.

What is ironic about Capulet saying that "Wednesday is too soon" for Paris and Juliet to get married in Romeo and Juliet?

It is ironic that Capulet says Wednesday is too soon because he is pushing for a fast wedding.

Capulet wants Juliet to get married.  As far as he is concerned, she is of age and ripe for a politically expedient marriage.  Capulet only pushes the wedding back one day.  What difference does it make to Juliet?  He knows she does not want to get married.

Monday! ha, ha! Well, Wednesday is too soon,
O' Thursday let it be: o' Thursday, tell her,
She shall be married to this noble earl.
Will you be ready? do you like this haste? (Act 3, Scene 4)

When Lady Capulet asks Juliet about Paris, she gives what can only be described as an evasive answer.

I'll look to like, if looking liking move:
But no more deep will I endart mine eye
Than your consent gives strength to make it fly. (Act 1, Scene 3)

Juliet is in a bind.  She has no interest in her father’s match.  Then she marries Romeo in secret.  Her family has no idea that she is already married, so her father pushes her to marry Paris.  The marriage is what’s best for him, so it is what’s best for her.  Juliet is supposed to do what her father says, no matter what.

The reality is that Juliet’s forced marriage to Paris caused her to fake her death, which led to both Romeo and Juliet ending up dead.  This is all part of the problem.  No one communicates, and everyone is sneaky.  Juliet’s father is not empathetic and believes that she should obey him no matter what.  Juliet is hardly the obedient daughter.  The family feud, ridiculous as it is, makes this worse because she really can’t tell him about Romeo.

Capulet’s stubbornness and Juliet’s sneakiness ends in three deaths (Romeo also kills Paris).  After they realize what happens, the Montagues and Capulets bury their feud.  Again, ironically, it took the deaths of their children to give their families a future.

Why does Helen Stoner come to see Holmes in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band?"

The short answer to this is that Helen Stoner, in the story “The Adventure of the Speckled Band,” comes to see Sherlock Holmes because she fears that someone is going to try to kill her.  The longer answer explains why she believes someone wants to do so.

Stoner lives with her stepfather, who is a doctor named Grimesby Roylott.  He married Stoner’s mother when Helen was a little girl in India.  Helen’s mother had “a considerable sum of money” that she gave to Roylott when they married subject only to the stipulation that

a certain annual sum should be allowed to each of us (Helen and her sister) in the event of our marriage.

Helen’s mother is now dead, having been killed in an accident 8 years before the story is set.  Helen’s sister has also died, in suspicious circumstances at Roylott’s ancestral family home.  She was engaged to be married at the time that she died.  Now, Helen is engaged to be married and fears that she, too, will be killed.

Helen, herself, does not say that she suspects her stepfather.  However, she does talk about how violent he is and she reluctantly shows Holmes marks on her wrist where he has grabbed her.  She fears that she will be killed, though, because Roylott has recently had her move into the room where her sister died.  She has also heard strange sounds that her sister reported hearing soon before her death.  Therefore, she worries that she will die just as her sister did.  She does not specifically say that she suspects that her stepfather will kill her, but it seems clear that she is at least subconsciously aware that he might be a danger to her.  This is why she comes to see Holmes.

Despite the difficult working conditions of industrial America, what did industrialization improve?

The United States started the long process of industrializing in the late 1700s, though the process increased exponentially after the Civil War in the 1860s, a period often referred to as the "second Industrial Revolution." The foundation of the industrialization process was the improvement of modes of transportation, including railroads and canals, that vastly sped up the delivery of goods to consumers, along with an improvement in technology such as the making of steel. While this question has several answers, historians generally agree that industrialization improved the standard of living for many Americans, even as the working classes continued to struggle with poor working conditions. 

Before the Industrial Revolution, Americans were largely dependent on farming, and, as a result, they often relied on an inconsistent source of income. Although conditions in many factories were dangerous, workers benefited from a consistent source of income. Those who were able to find managerial positions in factories and related fields formed a burgeoning middle class, and life expectancy and wages improved steadily after the Civil War (until the Great Depression of the 1930s). Many new professions developed during this time period, including law, engineering, and accounting.

The middle class was able to use the disposable income they made (that is, money that they did not need for necessities such as housing and food) to purchase goods that made them more comfortable and gave them access to entertainment, including sports, theatre, books, and other forms of entertainment. People who had time that they did not need to dedicate to working on the farm also were able to devote themselves to bettering themselves through education and through reform movements, including temperance, women's rights, and other causes. Though working conditions were still poor during this time period, the standard of living improved for many Americans.

What is the reason why Ponyboy will participate in the rumble?

In Chapter 9, the Greasers are getting ready to rumble against the Socs. Ponyboy is feeling sick but decides he is going to fight. Ponyboy begins to contemplate why other Greasers enjoy fighting while they are getting ready. Ponyboy puts lots of oil in his hair to show that he is a Greaser and comments that tonight the boys could be proud to be Greasers. He does not fully understand why they are proud of being "hoods," and even mentions that he doesn't like having the reputation of a Greaser. Ponyboy begins to ask the other Greasers why they like to fight. Ponyboy mentions that he'll fight anybody anytime, but doesn't like to. When Darry says that he doesn't think Ponyboy should be in the rumble, Ponyboy thinks,

"Oh, no, I thought in mortal fear, I've got to be in it. Right then the most important thing in my life was helping us whip the Socs. Don't let him make me stay home now. I've got to be in it." (Hinton 134)

Although Pony is opposed to fighting, he is fiercely loyal to his friends. He knows that his gang needs all the help it can get, and he is willing to fight at all cost. Darry is hesitant to let Ponyboy fight, but Sodapop convinces him that Ponyboy will be alright because they were not going to use weapons. Ponyboy tells Darry that he is ready to rumble and will get ahold of a little guy. Darry finally allows Ponyboy to participate in the rumble.

The ratio of the Length to Width of a picture is five. The picture is enlarged so that it is 15 inches now. What is the width of the enlarge...

From the understanding of the question I understand we are given the following (no punctuation used makes the question very ambiguous): 

• the ratio of the length to width is 5:1


• We have the length of enlarged picture which is 15 inches


• We need to find the width of the picture

The width will be determined as follows: 

l = length

w= width

x= enlarged width

`l/w = 5/1`

Now we know the ratio of the length and the width, using the ratio we can find the measurement of one side if the other one is given. 

We given the length of the one side of the enlarged picture, now we can find the width of the enlarged picture: 

`l/w = 5/1`

`15/x = 5/1` (substitute given information)

`15/5 = x/1` (inverse operations to obtain the unknown)

`x = 3 `

The width = 3 inches

What does Pip learn about friendship in the novel Great Expectations, and how does Dickens show ways in which friendship can be affected by social...

Pip learns not to base friendship on social class. Instead he learns to recognize that some of the best-hearted and most honest people in the world, the people who are his true friends, come from the lower classes.

Pip spends much of the novel driven by ambition, struggling to become a gentleman so that he can marry Estella. In the process, he snubs his true friend, the working class blacksmith and father figure, Joe. Pip is likewise horrified and, at first, embarrassed and unappreciative when he discovers that his secret benefactor, the person who set him up as a gentleman, is the rough convict Magwitch. As Pip journeys to maturity he comes to appreciate that the humble Joe and Magwitch, are, in fact, his true friends. He learns that it is not outward status that makes a friend, but the quality of a person's character. 

Through Pumblechook, Dickens shows how friendship can be affected by social class. Pumblechook treats the young Pip badly early on in the novel, for instance feeding him dry bread for breakfast while he, Pumblechook, dines well. Later, as Pip becomes successful and rises to become a gentleman, Pumblechook's manner changes to one of deference and kindness, and then, when Pip becomes poor again, to one of scorn. We see Pip affected as well by the English class system when he avoids Joe after his (Pip's) rise in social station, because he fears Joe wouldn't fit into his new, exalted world. 

In Chapter 5 of Harper Lee's To Kill A Mockingbird, how does Miss Maudie know that Boo Radley is still alive?

In Chapter 5 of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout has a very straightforward conversation with Miss Maudie about the possibility of Arthur (Boo) Radley still being alive.

In Chapter 5, Scout asks Miss Maudie, "How do you know ... [t]hat B--Mr. Arthur's still alive?" Scout's question is incited by the game her brother invented to act out the life of Arthur Radley, known only based on rumors and myths. Jem had devised the game in response to Dill's idea to try and get Arthur to come out of his house. Yet, Scout began feeling doubtful about the ethics of mocking a man's life in a game, so she began to bow out of the game and spend more time with Miss Maudie rather than her brother or Dill.

Miss Maudie's answer to what she calls Scout's "morbid question" is very straightforward: "I know he's alive Jean Louise, because I haven't seen him carried out yet."

Scout's question further incites Miss Maudie to explain a little about Arthur Radley's background as a means of attempting to explain the unknowable--why Arthur never leaves his house. Miss Maudie informs Scout that Arthur's father was a "foot-washing Baptist," and foot-washing Baptists interpret the Bible in very strict ways, specifically interpreting the Bible as speaking out against all things that bring pleasure as sinful. Hence, while no one can truly understand why Arthur chooses to remain in his house, Miss Maudie's information leaves open the possibility that Arthur chooses to stay inside because he has been taught to believe that experiencing pleasure, such as the pleasure of being outside, is a sin.

Therefore, Scout's straightforward conversation with Miss Maudie about Arthur Radley is very informative because it crushes some of the myths surrounding Arthur, such as that he died and was stuffed up his chimney, and helps to provide a small explanation for his behavior.

What order does Jem give Scout on the first day of school?

Because Jem is older than Scout, and she is in the first grade while he is in the 5th grade, he doesn’t want Scout to bother him or embarrass him at school.  He doesn’t want her to ask him to play games or even talk to him. Jem is at the age where peer pressure is starting to affect him, and he would be embarrassed if she interrupted time with his friends with silly games.  He probably doesn’t want his friends to know that he still plays with his little sister.  And besides, Jem is a little perturbed that Scout won’t act more like a girl.

Scout tells us that Jem gives her these orders on the first day of school:

During school hours I was not to bother him, I was not to approach him with requests to enact a chapter of Tarzan and the Ant Men, to embarrass him with references to his private life, or tag along behind him at recess and noon.  I was to stick with the first grade and he would stick with the fifth.  In short, I was to leave him alone.

Jem is growing up, and can’t risk the other fellows in his class thinking he is still playing childish games with his baby sister; and therefore, he sets some ground rules for Scout to follow.

Why does Jerry agree to go home with his mother at the end of the story "Through the Tunnel"?

At the end of the narrative, Jerry agrees to accompany his mother because he has already proven to himself that he can do what the older boys do; he has swum through the tunnel and completed his rite of passage.

Once he has gone through the tunnel of rocks and is able to hold his breath successfully for two to three minutes, Jerry has proven to himself that he is the equal to the older boys. For, he has conquered the mental and physical challenges of swimming under water for minutes. By having overcome these challenges, Jerry senses his maturity, and no longer feels that he has to prove anything. So, with his new sense of independence and greater maturity, Jerry welcomes his mother's suggestion that he swim no more in one day.

...he gave in at once. It was no longer of the least importance to go to the bay.

Having earned his rite of passage, Jerry is ready to rest.

What condition were Jem's pants found in in To Kill a Mockingbird?

Jem is forced to leave his pants in the Radley's yard in Chapter 6.  He, Dill, and Scout had entered the Radley's yard and had attempted to look in the house's windows.  When they subsequently heard a shotgun blast (we later find out this is Nathan Radley, defending his home from a raccoon or possible intruder), they ran from the property.  Jem's pants snagged on the fence and he was forced to leave the ripped clothing.

Jem quickly realizes that he will need to retrieve his pants, and he makes a plan to do so that evening.  While the reader does not find this out right away, we later learn (when Jem reveals it to Scout) that Jem finds his pants completely mended and folded on the Radley's fence.

What are the disadvantages of freedom of expression?

One disadvantage of freedom of expression can be the potential for a harmful impact on other people.

People can often confuse freedom of expression with being able to say and believe anything.  Freedom of expression is perceived to be limitless.  Those who zealously embrace see it as a means to say whatever they wish. People who ardently embrace freedom of expression for their own purposes might forget that their expressions have an impact on other people. Freedom of expression can allow some people to overlook the consequences of thought and action.  

In some cases, freedom of expression might be dangerous.  For example, the ability to freely express one's thoughts can result in targeting an individual or another group of people.  People who enjoy harassing or bullying another person can say that they are simply "expressing their thoughts" and that it is their right to do so.  Freedom of expression can also be used to target groups of people.  A historical example of this is seen in groups like the Ku Klux Klan. They use freedom of expression as a shield for their thoughts.  When questioned, they will claim that they are simply freely expressing their own beliefs.  In this example, freedom of expression can be seen as disadvantageous.

What did Fredrick Douglass do?

Frederick Douglass was born into slavery and remained a slave until he escaped in 1838. Frederick Douglass became a strong abolitionist upon escaping to freedom in the North. Frederick Douglass began to give speeches against slavery. At times, he spoke in front of unfriendly people. However, that didn’t discourage him. Eventually, he wrote an autobiography titled Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. He eventually added additional versions to this autobiography.

After a brief trip to Europe to avoid recapture, Douglass was freed when people bought him his freedom. He then went on to publish anti-slavery newspapers, one of which was called the North Star. Douglass was involved in other reform movements such as the Women’s rights movement.

Later in life, after the Civil War ended, Douglass served in various political positions and became the president of the Freedman’s Savings Bank.

Frederick Douglass is most known for his work in ending slavery. He made many valuable contributions during his lifetime.

“You'll be glad, too, when the end comes.” When and where was this said in And Then There Were None?

This line is delivered by General Macarthur and it occurs in chapter 8, after the first day has passed. Earlier in the chapter it is clarified that Vera felt restless the entire morning, so this scene likely takes place in the afternoon of their second day on the island. 

"After a while Vera strolled slowly down to the sea. She walked along towards the extreme end of the island where an old man sat staring out to the horizon."

The old man she joins is General Macarthur. The description of the setting is minimal, but it is implied that Vera and the general are sitting near the water. 

The line "You'll be glad, too" is the General referring to the relief that he mentioned a handful of lines earlier. He is convinced that they will all die on the island and has come to the realization that he feels relieved to know that he will soon be free of the guilt he has been carrying with him for so long. He tells Vera that when her turn to die comes, she will also feel relieved.

What is the difference between the written play and the film version of Pygmalion?

The major difference between the play Pygmalion and the musical film (dubbed My Fair Lady) that it was later made into is also one of the most controversial aspects of its adaptation. This difference is quite simply the ending of the story. 

Pygmalion finishes with great emotional distance between its two protagonists. After continued conflict between Higgins and Eliza, Eliza proclaims that she is prepared to marry Freddy, her timid suitor, and leave Higgin's household permanently. Eliza and Mrs. Higgins leave to attend Eliza's father's wedding, but not before Higgins demands that she complete a series of ridiculous errands (pick up ham and Stilton cheese and purchase reindeer gloves and a new tie). Eliza boldly orders Higgins to, "Buy them yourself." She sweeps out defiantly, leaving Higgins in a cloud of deep denial. The play's ending is absolutely clear: the two will part ways. Eliza is a student who has outgrown her teacher; she now possesses the skills and confidence to independently make something of herself in the world. Higgins will have to continue on in his delusions of self-importance without her.

My Fair Lady, on the other hand, treats the ending of the play with what some  critics believe to be a disgraceful dose of sentimentality. Rather than Eliza returning to Higgins to tell him off one last time, the movie shows Higgins going off in search of Eliza after her disappearance. He manages to find her at his mother's house. Eliza delivers to Higgins the same information: she will be marrying Freddy and does not plan to see him again. Higgins returns home and breaks into a melancholic refrain of the song "I've Become Accustomed to Her Face." He listens to recordings of Eliza's voice on his phonograph, pining for her company. Eliza reappears in his study and shuts off the record, proclaiming coyly in her original accent, "I washed my hands and face before I come, I did." Astonished, Higgins whispers, "Eliza... where the devil are my slippers?" The exchange seems to sweetly recognize the pair's origins: Eliza's openness and vulnerability and Higgin's willing spirit. As the music swells, Eliza approaches Higgins, smiling at him tenderly. This ending, although not concrete, implies that Eliza and Higgins will end up a couple and that Eliza will not marry silly, ineffectual Freddy after all. Many find this deeply problematic in that it erases the positive and independent qualities that Eliza was supposed to have gained over the course of the story. 

How can you analyze the poem "To an Athlete Dying Young" by A. E. Housman? What are the attitude, theme, and shifts of the poem?

I generally always analyze a poem along two main pathways.  You can take them in either order too. One way to analyze a poem is to analyze the plot, meanings, and themes.  The second way to analyze a poem is to break down its structure, rhyme scheme, rhythm, and meter.  I like doing the latter first, because I think that understanding the structure of the poem can highlight theme and tone shifts.  

Stanza wise, "To an Athlete Dying Young" is very straightforward.  The poem is made of 7, four line stanzas.  In poetry, a four line stanza is called a quatrain. Together, all of the quatrains of his poem form an elegy.  An elegy is a poem that has been written for the occasion of someone's death.  It's not a happy type of poem, which is why Housman's poem is so disconcerting at times.  

"To an Athlete Dying Young" is a disconcerting read because it sounds happy.  The reason that it sounds happy is because it has some very standard, comforting poetry techniques.  First is the rhyme scheme.  It has a rhyme scheme and the scheme is consistent throughout the poem. The first two lines of each stanza rhyme with each other and the second two lines of each stanza rhyme with each other.  That makes the rhyme scheme AABB.  

The time you won your town the race

We chaired you through the market-place;

Man and boy stood cheering by,

And home we brought you shoulder-high

The second thing that helps with the poem's happy, sing song feeling is the rhythm and meter of the poem.  The poem is written with an alternating unstressed, stressed syllable repetition.  In poetry, that is called an iambic foot.  Each line in the poem has eight total syllables, which means that four iambic feet can fit per line.  That makes the poem's rhythm and meter iambic tetrameter.  

Let's transition to the poem's content.  Based on the title, it's clear that the poem is about the death of a young athlete.  That's sad.  What adds to poem's strange feeling about such a sad title is stanza one.  It's a really happy stanza.  It feels happy by its rhyme, rhythm, and meter, and it's about winning a race in front of a large crowd.  That's a happy event.  

But then Housman hits his readers hard with the second stanza.  The athlete is dead and being carried in a casket for his funeral.  

Today, the road all runners come,

Shoulder-high we bring you home,

And set you at your threshold down,

Townsman of a stiller town.

That shift in tone and content is the shift that your question initially asks about.  But then stanza three offers up another shift.  This time the shift suggests that it is a good thing that the athlete died young.  What?  Housman says that it's a good thing, because now the athlete will never have to have the eventual feeling of defeat.  He will never have see his name slowly fade away from the public eye.  In other words, Housman is suggesting that the athlete has been blessed to go "out on top."  

Smart lad, to slip betimes away

From fields where glory does not stay,

And early though the laurel grows

It withers quicker than the rose.

All in all, it appears that the general attitude is a positive and cheery outlook on death.  I see the poem's point, but I disagree.  I currently still hold one high school track record.  I held two others, and I was lucky enough to see those two records broken ten years later.  I wasn't sad.  I was incredibly proud of those athletes, because I know how hard they worked to achieve that goal.  I would not trade an early death for thinking that I had gone out on top of my game.  

Thematically, death is a definite theme of the poem.  It questions the timing of death, and it forces the reader to examine when a death might be beneficial to someone.  That's morbid.  Pride is also a theme of the poem, because Housman is suggesting that it might be better to die happy, young and proud instead of as an old man who might not be proud of his past achievements that nobody remembers.  

Hope it helps!  

Mayella Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of having beaten and raped her. The evidence of this beating was her blackened right eye from the post-rape...

The testimonies of Sheriff Heck Tate, Bob and Mayella Ewell, and others begins in Chapter 17 and ends in Chapter 19 with Tom Robinson's testimony; in Chapter 18 the audience in the courtroom sees Tom as he stands; his left arm is withered and useless. 

In Chapter 17 Sheriff Tate speaks of Mayella's injuries and admits that he did not call in a doctor. He also testifies to Mayella's blackened right eye; further in this same chapter (17), when Atticus interrogates Bob Ewell, he establishes that Ewell is left-handed. (Ewell also admits that he did not send for a doctor, so there was no medical exam as suggested in the question above.) In Chapter 18, when Atticus asks Mayella to identify the man who assaulted her, he has Tom stand up. When he does so, everyone in the courtroom is able to see that Tom's left arm is withered and useless, so he could not have used this arm to punch Mayella because the bruises on Mayella are apparent as having been made by someone striking her with the left hand. Scout narrates,

His left arm was fully twelve inches shorter than his right, and hung dead at his side. It ended in a small shriveled hand, and from as far away as the balcony I could see that it was no use to him. (p.188 of paperback Warner Books edition)

It becomes obvious, then, that both Bob and Mayella Ewell have falsified their testimonies as the information which Atticus Finch has obtained from these witnesses in Chapters 17 and 18 indicates.

Is zinc a ductile metal?

No.  Zinc is, generally speaking, very brittle in nature.  It breaks apart into pieces or chunks, which is about as anti-ductile as a metal can get.  There is a certain temperature range where it can assume conditions of malleability, which is being able to press it into thin sheets without it breaking.  Ductility is the ability to be drawn into long thin wire, without breaking.  Metals, such as zinc, which have a high degree of brittleness to them, possess a low degree of ductility.  Zinc does have a wide variety of uses, however.  It is used widely as a health supplement; diets low in zinc have been attributable to a number of health-related issues.  Zinc has many commercial applications, such as batteries and a coating for other metallic devices, to prevent rust.

What does Buddy remember most fondly about his cousin ?

In Truman Capote’s short story “A Christmas Memory” Buddy fondly remembers his cousin’s quirky personality, their undying devotion for each other, and the everyday adventures including “fruitcake season.”

As you read “A Christmas Memory,” Buddy describes his cousin lovingly despite her advanced age in comparison to his. He tells the reader how the companions spend time together and he emphasizes his cousin’s enthusiasm for life but also speaks about her incongruities; she despises the number thirteen and will not go to the movies with Buddy. But Buddy finds these qualities endearing. He remembers their time spent together whether it be making money for their fruitcake ingredients, picking pecans, flying kites, or cutting down their Christmas tree.

When he is sent away to military school, he misses her dearly and corresponds with her regularly keeping current with the happenings at home. Due to his fond feelings, he is devastated when she dies.

3^2x-1=5^x I am having trouble solving this since the bases are not the same and I am unclear how to use Ln or Log to solve even though I know I...

Hello!

I think your equation is

`3^(2x-1)=5^x,`

not

`3^(2x)-1=5^x.`

For the first option yes, apply `ln` to both sides (they are both positive). It is known (and not hard) that `ln(a^b)=b*ln(a).`

Here we obtain `(2x-1)*ln(3)=x*ln(5).`

It is a linear equation for x, group like terms:

`x*(2ln(3)-ln(5))=ln(3),`  so

`x=(ln(3))/(2ln(3)-ln(5)) approx 1.869.`

This is the answer for the first option.

I believe the second option cannot be solved exactly, although it has exactly one root and it is in (0, 1).

How are Soda Pop and Darry's personalities different?

Darry has a very serious personality. This may be because he's been forced into the position of taking care of the family, but he seems to be unable to have fun anymore. Ponyboy says that every once in a while he might go skiing with his friends but mostly he just works hard all the time to keep the family together. He worries about Ponyboy and Soda and comes off as overbearing. One example of this is when he hits Ponyboy. Again, this may be a factor of all the pressure he feels.

Soda, on the other hand, seems to be very happy-go-lucky. He dropped out of school and is described by Ponyboy as someone who gets drunk on life. He is also a very caring person, trying to help Darry and Ponyboy deal with the stresses they feel. He is always joking about everything.

The one time the reader sees him feeling serious is when Sandy leaves to live with her grandmother and then he gets back his letter to her unopened. He clearly cares very deeply about the people that are important to him and is deeply hurt when they do not feel the same way.

`y = x, y = (2x)/(1 + x^3)` (a) Set up an integral for the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given curve...

The shell has the radius `x - (-1)` , the cricumference is `2pi*(x+1)` and the height is `(2x)/(1+x^3) - x,` hence, the volume can be evaluated, using the method of cylindrical shells, such that:

`V = 2pi*int_(x_1)^(x_2) (x+1)*((2x)/(1+x^3) - x) dx`

You need to find the endpoints, using the equation `(2x)/(1+x^3) - x = 0 => 2x - x - x^4 = 0 => 3x - x^4 = 0 => x(3 - x^3) = 0 => x = 0 ` and `x = root(3) 3`

`V = 2pi*int_0^(root(3) 3) (x+1)*((3x - x^4)/(1+x^3)) dx`

`V = 2pi*int_0^(root(3) 3) (x+1)*(3x - x^4)/((x+1)(x^2-x+1)) dx`

Reducing the like terms yields:

`V = 2pi*int_0^(root(3) 3) (3x - x^4)/(x^2-x+1) dx`

`V = 2pi*(int_0^(root(3) 3) (3x)/(x^2-x+1) -int_0^(root(3) 3) (x^4)/(x^2-x+1) dx`

`V = 2pi*(int_0^(root(3) 3) (3x)/(x^2-x+1)dx - int_0^(root(3) 3) x^2 dx - int_0^(root(3) 3) x dx + int_0^(root(3) 3) (x)/(x^2-x+1)dx)`

`V = 2pi*(int_0^(root(3) 3) (4x)/(x^2-x+1)dx - int_0^(root(3) 3) x^2 dx - int_0^(root(3) 3) x dx)`

`V = 2pi*(2*int_0^(root(3) 3) (2x+1-1)/(x^2-x+1)dx - x^3/3|_0^(root(3) 3) - x^2/2|_0^(root(3) 3))`

`V = 2pi*(2*int_0^(root(3) 3) (2x-1)/(x^2-x+1)dx+ 2*int_0^(root(3) 3) (1)/(x^2-x+1)dx - 1 - (root(3) 9)/2)`

You need to solve `int_0^(root(3) 3) (2x-1)/(x^2-x+1)dx ` using substitution `x^2-x+1 = t => (2x-1)dx =dt.`

`V = 2pi*(2*ln(x^2-x+1)|_0^(root(3) 3)+ 2*int_0^(root(3) 3) (1)/((x-1/2)^2 + ((sqrt3)/2)^2)dx - 1 - (root(3) 9)/2)`

`V = 2pi*(2*ln((root(3) 9)-(root(3) 3)+1)+ (4/sqrt3)*arctan (2x-1)/sqrt3|_0^(root(3) 3) - 1 - (root(3) 9)/2)`

`V = 2pi*(2*ln((root(3) 9)-(root(3) 3)+1)+ (4/sqrt3)*arctan (2(root(3) 3)-1)/sqrt3 -(4/sqrt3)*(pi/6) - 1 - (root(3) 9)/2)`

Hence, evaluating the volume, using the method of cylindrical shells, yields `V = 2pi*(2*ln((root(3) 9)-(root(3) 3)+1)+ (4/sqrt3)*arctan (2(root(3) 3)-1)/sqrt3 -(4/sqrt3)*(pi/6) - 1 - (root(3) 9)/2)`

What does the phrase "the heart that fed" mean in the poem "Ozymandias?"

The poem "Ozymandias" describes a fallen statue of an Egyptian king that a traveler observed in a desert. The traveler describes how the head and the legs of the statue have broken apart, and the head is partially buried in the sand. Still, from the face, or "visage," of the statue the observer can tell what kind of "passions" the ruler had.  The face has a "frown, / And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command," indicating that he was a fierce tyrant. He had a "hand that mocked them," meaning that his hand was merciless and cruel toward his subjects. He had a "heart that fed." This suggests that he was an oppressor; he took from his subjects more than he gave to them. They were his prey, and he was the predator. We have similar figures of speech about people who use others for selfish gain. We might call someone a "leech" or a "parasite," or we might say someone "sucked all the life out of me" or "drained me dry." This is the sense in which Ozymandias "fed" on his people. The fact that the traveler says it was his "heart" that fed means that his actions proceeded from a wicked and cold heart that was devoid of compassion toward the people he forced to serve him.

The expression "the heart that fed" is both a metaphor and a synecdoche. A metaphor is a comparison that does not use the words "like" or "as." "Fed" compares the oppression of the ruler to a predator feeding on its prey. A synecdoche uses a part of something to represent the whole. You could say you have a "nice set of wheels," but you would actually be referring to your car, not just the wheels. In the same way, "heart" refers to the entire person of the king, not just the organ in his chest. "Heart" is also often considered the seat of human emotions, figuratively speaking, so it bears that additional meaning. Now you can see one of the reasons poetry is so powerful. One definition of poetry is "condensed language." Just four short words can convey a lot of meaning! 

Why can't a president serve for longer than 8 years?

It is the 22nd Amendment that creates a term limit on the presidency, but to say that the term limit is eight years is actually incorrect.  The term limit is ten years.  A president can serve out the term of a deceased, incapacitated, or impeached president, as long as that term remainder is less than two years, and still serve for two more full terms. The person who takes over in this way for a term remainder of more than two years can only serve for one more full term.

This amendment was passed in 1951, as a response to the presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), who was elected for four terms.  Had he not died in his fourth term, it is difficult to know whether or not he would have been elected again.  But the thought was that this was far too long for anyone to be president, that too much power was accrued over such a long period of time, and that presidencies could become more like monarchies if we had no term limits.  There is no question that FDR acquired a great deal of power in his nearly sixteen years of serving as president, and since it is difficult to pass any constitutional amendment, it being a complex and drawn out process, it is clear that the sentiment of a majority of people was that too long a "reign" was not good for the country. 

Why is Lord Capulet determined to marry Juliet to Paris?

Capulet is likely happy that such a well-qualified suitor is already asking after his young daughter.  Count Paris is a kinsman of Prince Escalus, and therefore his status in Verona would be high.  In this way, it is an advantageous match for Juliet and would raise the status of her family, the Capulets, as well.  However, none of this is made explicit.  

The only really explicitly stated reason that Capulet wants Juliet to marry Paris is that he wants to help Juliet get over the loss of her cousin, Tybalt.  Lady Capulet tells Juliet, "thou hast a careful father, child, / One who, to put thee from thy heaviness, / Hath sorted out a sudden day of joy [...]" (3.5.112-114).  In other words, Lady Capulet says that Juliet's father, out of concern and love for Juliet, has figured out a way to temper Juliet's sadness with an unexpected happy occasion.  Thus, it sounds as though his intentions are quite good.  

However, when Juliet rejects Paris, it seems as though Capulet gets incredibly angry, not because he was so attached to Paris, but because Juliet has dared to disobey him.  After Juliet has lied and made them believe that she has seen the error of her ways, Capulet says that his "heart is wondrous light / Since this same wayward girl is so reclaimed" (4.2.49).  He is most happy that his daughter has returned to her former obedience, not necessarily because she's about to marry Paris.

What is the meaning of life in this book? Is it valued ?

In Fahrenhet 451, life is clearly not valued as the whole social order is predicated around the idea of control of the citizens' thoughts, including a practical restriction on independent thought. Life, in this society, is centered around mindless entertainment, mind-numbing drugs, and senseless violence.

The main source of entertainment in the homes, at least in Montag's home, are the televised and interactive parlor walls. Throughout the novel, that is where Montag's wife, Mildred, spends her time. She begs Montag for a fourth wall, which symbolically and literally, would separate her from the rest of the world except for those on the other ends of those walls. In fact, Mildred tells Montag that the fourth wall would make it so "this room wasn't ours at all, but all kinds of exotic people's rooms."

Mildred's actions explain how the people in this society use drugs to numb their minds. In the first chapter, when Montag enters the house after his initial conversation with Clarisse, he finds Mildred on the floor and her bottle of pills empty. The men who come in to remove the drugs from Mildred's system explain how these overdoses aren't unusual, but that they "get these cases nine or ten a night." In fact, someone built special machines to pump drugs out of peoples' systems after an overdose. Mildred, despite Montag explaining to her what happened, denies taking so many pills. Later in the novel, she nearly overdoses on pills again.

Finally, the cars driving 100 miles per hour and trying to run over people at random indicate how invaluable human life has become. Clarisse is the first to mention the cars and how people drive so fast that they wouldn't recognize anything, such as grass or flowers, unless they were blurs. She also explains that she left school because she didn't fit in and that her peers just wanted to "go out in the cars and race on the streets, trying to see how close you can get to lamp-posts, playing 'chicken' and 'knock hub-caps.'" She goes on to say that, in addition to the six friends who suffered gun shots, ten died in car wrecks. Later, Montag finds out Clarisse is dead after being hit by a car. At the end of the novel, Montag almost dies when a car tries to run him down.

Overall, human life is not valued in Fahrenheit 451. The sole purpose of human existance is not to procreate or to reach one's full potential, but it's to remain numb to the outside and to the decisions the controlling government is making.

Why might a historian study technological advancement as part of the historical context of an event?

Many historical events are determined either by technological advances or technological limitations.

In military history, technology plays a major role in the success or failure of military campaigns, with the more technologically advanced military often winning out against less technologically adept societies. The development of the trireme, for example, was a major factor in Athens becoming a naval power, and the necessity of finding rowers for triremes and men able to serve as hoplites in ground warfare influenced the social structure of Greek city states. Much of the Spanish conquest of South America was enabled by more advanced military technology, while in the twentieth century, nuclear technology and the threat of mutually assured destruction have influenced diplomacy and geopolitics.

Irrigation and agricultural technology influence patterns of settlement, wealth, population growth and social organization. Perhaps the greatest social upheavals of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were due to the Industrial Revolution; one cannot study the Reform Bills, for example, with understanding how changing technology enabled the growth of the great manufacturing cities of Europe. 

How does the author describe the Canterville ghost? What was the expression on the ghost's face?

The Canterville ghost appears in various forms.  The story even mentions that the ghost takes on the form of "Headless Earl" to frighten residents of the house.  That makes it difficult to describe a single form and look of the ghost.  It also makes it difficult to describe the expression on the ghost's face without knowing exactly which scene in the story that you are referring to.  I have a feeling that you are asking about the author describes the ghost's first appearance to the Otis family.

The ghost, Sir Simon, makes his first appearance at the beginning of section two, and he only appears for Mr. Otis.  The text says that it was exactly one in the morning.  The entire Otis family is asleep, but Mr. Otis is woken up by a strange noise out in the hall. Spooky.  

Some time after, Mr. Otis was awakened by a curious noise in the corridor, outside his room. It sounded like the clank of metal, and seemed to be coming nearer every moment.

  So, being the man of the house, Mr. Otis gets up to investigate the strange noises.  Mr. Otis opens his bedroom door and is immediately face to face with the ghost of Sir Simon.  Despite the fact that the story is a comedy, the description is terrifying.  

. . . an old man of terrible aspect. His eyes were as red burning coals; long grey hair fell over his shoulders in matted coils; his garments, which were of antique cut, were soiled and ragged, and from his wrists and ankles hung heavy manacles and rusty gyves.

That's scary.  Burning eyes of coal!  I'd run.  But not Mr. Otis.  He calmly tells Sir Simon to stop making so much noise and then proceeds to hand the ghost a bottle of oil to lube up his chains, so they don't make any more noise.  Then Mr. Otis turns around and goes back to bed.  

The text doesn't explicitly describe what Sir Simon's facial expression was, but the text does indicate that he just stood there in a dumbfounded stupor.  Just stood there!  I imagine his expression was a mixture of just complete blankness with a hint of incredulity.  Maybe his jaw hung open just a bit.  Then he ran down the hall in a sort of angry "pity party" for himself.  

For a moment the Canterville ghost stood quite motionless in natural indignation; then, dashing the bottle violently upon the polished floor, he fled down the corridor, uttering hollow groans, and emitting a ghastly green light.

What warning does the prince give to anyone who breaks the peace again in Romeo and Juliet?

Prince Escalus warns that the next one to disturb the peace of Verona with another civil brawl, will be sentenced to death.

If ever you disturb our streets again,
Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. (1.1.86-87)

The feud between the Capulets and the Montagues involves longstanding differences and visceral hatred. Furthermore, it may even be at the point where some of the people in the families do not even know the origin of this feud. So, because this is one of many conflicts that have occurred--even the servants are involved now--the prince is extremely frustrated and angry that his citizens are causing such civil strife. Therefore, he threatens those who have been fighting with a sentence of death in the hope that such a verdict will effectively prevent more brawls.

Shakespeare presents this highly emotional opening scene as one presaging disaster. Indeed, it is not surprisingly that Prince Escalus closes the play alluding to the same feud.

What does the poet imagine about the song of reaper?

The poet is unable to make out anything of the song the solitary reaper is singing alone in the field. It's in a language unknown to the poet. However, he finds her voice to be very mellifluous and believes the song has a “melancholy strain.”

The poet laments for there’s nobody to tell him what the words or lyrics to the song actually mean. To him, the notes of the song sound wistful and somber.  So, he conjectures it could be about “old, unhappy, far-off things, / And battles long ago.”

Engrossed by the maiden’s song, the poet further imagines that it might also be about “some more humble lay, / Familiar matter of to-day?”

He further speculates that the song may be about “some natural sorrow, loss, or pain.” His restlessness seems to grow as he’s unable to find out the actual meaning or occasion of the solitary reaper’s song.

Will no one tell me what she sings?—

Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow

He ponders hard over the subject matter and theme of “the plaintive numbers.” Finding nobody to answer his doubts, the poet mounts “up the hill” bearing the music of the girl's in his heart. But about one thing he has no doubt that the song couldn't be about a happy or mirthful subject; it certainly describes some bitter experience or sorrowful subject. 

"Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang" the poet is never going to forget the experience of hearing such unmatchable melody.

What weaknesses in both the US Army and Navy did the Spanish American War reveal?

The Spanish American War was fought in 1898. The United States became involved in the war when Cuba, after several earlier failed revolutions, was attempting to become free of Spain. As a result of the war, the United States gained control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, and the U.S. paid the Spanish $20 million. While many Americans were initially very enthusiastic about fighting in the war, which Secretary of State John Hay called "a splendid little war," the American armed forces were largely underprepared at the war's start.

The war began when an American battleship called the Maine, which was stationed in Havana's harbor in Cuba, mysteriously exploded. The Americans quickly blamed the Spanish (though there is evidence that the ship's explosion may have been caused by a boiler accident), and the cry "to hell with Spain, remember the Maine" whipped up public support for the war, as did the headlines and photographs that newspaper magnates William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer ran in their papers. 

The U.S. Army at the time had too few people and materials and was far from the fighting shape it would be in by the time of the United States' involvement in World War I. Since the Civil War, the U.S. military had mainly been involved with fighting Native Americans on the frontier, and they lacked the light-weight uniforms and other equipment they needed to fight in the tropics. American troops were largely unprepared for the tropical heat and diseases they would encounter in the Caribbean. In addition, the army did not at first have enough troops to fight, but they were able to raise troops though volunteers and by using the National Guard. After they had defeated the Spanish, in part because the Americans were closer to Cuba and could resupply their troops more easily than the Spanish could, the United States embarked on a period in which it defined itself as a world power with a military to match.