Urine infections are very common and are easily cured by taking oral antibiotics. Urine infections, which are also called urinary tract infections, are usually caused by bacteria. The bacteria enter the urinary tract and begin to multiply. This causes inflammation and sometimes pain when passing urine. Very rarely, urinary tract infections can be caused by viruses or fungi, although these are also easily treated.
A urinary tract infection usually begins in the lower urinary tract (the urethra and bladder). If untreated it can spread into the kidneys (the upper urinary tract). An upper urinary tract infection may cause pain in the lower back.
A culture can be performed on a urine sample to identify the type of organisms present. This can be used to guide treatment decisions.
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