Periodontal disease is any disease which affects the tissues which support the teeth. These tissues include the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone.
Periodontal disease may be used as a synonym for periodontitis. Periodontitis is chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Periodontitis in its mildest form is called gingivitis. Advanced periodontitis results in oral lesions (the breakdown of tissues). This can become so advanced that tooth loss results.
Plaque is the layer of bacteria which forms on the teeth. It is a white or pale yellow biofilm. The formation of plaque is normal and cannot be prevented. However, if the bacterial layer is allowed to remain on the teeth, acid produced by the bacterial breakdown of sugar can form cavities and other problems, including periodontitis. Thus, daily tooth brushing is recommended to remove plaque.
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