Atticus is important in the novel in many ways. First, he is the lawyer who defends Tom Robinson against pressure, racism, and persecution. By doing so, he is the exemplar of courage and justice. This point must be underlined, because it is his courage that drives the novel. Miss Maudie says it best when she says that Atticus was born to do our unpleasant jobs, that is, what is difficult to do. Here are Miss Maudie's words:
“I simply want to tell you that there are some men in this world who were born to do our unpleasant jobs for us. Your father’s one of them.”
“Oh,” said Jem. “Well.”
Atticus also is important, because he is the father of Jem and Scout. This point also ties in nicely with your second question of how Atticus relates to Scout. All throughout the novel Atticus seeks to guide his children to become good citizen and good people in the world. He approach to parenting is masterful as he lead by example. In the end, both Jem and Scout become better people.
In conclusion, Atticus is important as a citizen of Maycomb, the lawyer of Tom Robinson, and the father of Jem and Scout.
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