The three major sociological perspectives are symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory. Each perspective can be relevant in different contexts, depending on what social phenomenon is being examined. Symbolic interactionism is a micro-level perspective that focuses on how individuals interact and develop symbolic understandings of other people. Functionalism is a macro-level analysis that examines the utility of societal relationships and structures. Lastly, conflict theory is a macro-level understanding that defines society as conflict between different groups for limited resources and power, and understands how hierarchies form and dominant groups oppress subordinate groups.
Deciding which theory is subjectively the "best" can also be determined by which classical theorist each theory aligns with. Those who agree with the conclusions of theorists like Max Weber may prefer interactionism. Durkheimian sociologists align with functionalist theory, while Marxists may find conflict theory the most relevant to society.
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