Well, there is a long list of environmental problems cased by human beings and a long list of solutions that have been proposed or adopted. The environmental problems can be thought off in terms of pollution (water, air, soil, noise, etc.) and degradation (increased greenhouse effect, ozone hole, etc.). To counter the threat of ozone destruction, human beings have (mostly) stopped using CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and have replaced them with alternative chemicals. Increased greenhouse effect is being tackled (only to a small extent) by trying to reduce our carbon footprints. Some ways to do that is by reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, increased adoption of renewable energy sources (such as solar power, wind energy, etc.), afforestation, carbon sequestration, etc. Water pollution is being reduced by decreasing direct discharge of pollutants into river, water treatment, etc. There are always some disadvantages of these solutions. For example, wind turbines generate renewable energy, but also cause bird kills and noise pollution. Electric cars decrease our dependence on fossil fuels, but use electricity that may be generated by burning coal or natural gas and will also cause environmental degradation when it is disposed off.
Hope this helps.
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