Since you have asked three questions in your post, I will answer the first two by combining them together. I will explain what some of the powers are for each level of government.
When the Constitution was written, there were some powers given to the federal government that only the federal government can have. There are also powers given to the state governments that only the state governments can have. The powers set aside only for the federal government are called the enumerated powers. The powers given only to the state governments are called the reserved powers.
Enumerated powers belong to the federal government. The federal government is responsible for making treaties with other countries. The federal government would negotiate a peace treaty ending a war. The federal government would make a trade agreement for all of the states. The federal government is responsible for printing money. The federal government makes the currency we have. The federal government is also responsible for regulating interstate and foreign trade. These are some of the powers only the federal government can have.
There are powers reserved only for the state governments. One reserved power is to make decisions regarding educational policy within a state. For example, the state government will determine how many school days there should be in a year. The state government also will make decisions for punishments for crimes committed within the state. The state government also makes decisions regarding trade within a state. It should be noted that no state law could go against a federal law.
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